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| succession =[[Emirate of Mosul|Emir of Mosul]] | dynasty =[[Hamdanid dynasty|Hamdanid]] ...

| succession =[[Emirate of Mosul|Emir of Mosul]] | dynasty =[[Hamdanid dynasty|Hamdanid]] ...

| succession =[[Emirate of Mosul|Emir of Mosul]] | place of burial = ...

| succession =Emir of Mosul | dynasty =[[Hamdanid dynasty|Hamdanid]] ...

...kr)|Marwanids]] of Mayyafariqin. He was also a poet and author of a number of treatises, including a "[[Mirrors for princes|mirror for princes]]". ...bu'l-Qasim's grandfather entered the service of the [[Hamdanid]] [[Emirate of Aleppo]], serving as a secretary (''katib'') under Emir [[Sayf al-Dawla]] ( ...

...0}}</ref> '''chief emir''',{{sfn|Zetterstéen|1960|p=446}} and '''commander of commanders''',{{sfn|Kennedy|2004|p=195}} was a senior military position in ...o senior military leaders. It was also used in [[Norman Sicily]] for a few of the king's chief ministers. ...

...nd 934–936. Unable to successfully challenge the growing power of regional emirs, he lost his position to the first ''[[amir al-umara]]'', [[Ibn Ra'iq]], an ...sa, when he assumed the important department (''[[Diwan (title)|diwan]]'') of the public estates.<ref name="EI2"/> ...

|type = Emirs ...asid emir]] of [[Aleppo]] in 1025, and accelerating with the weakened grip of [[Byzantine Empire|Byzantine]] rule in northern Syria in the 1070s. ...

|caption = The ruins of the al-Rahba fortress, 2005 |built = Second half of 9th century (first construction)<br>Mid-12th century (second reconstruction ...

...al-Ta'i]], with extensive new honours.{{sfn|Busse|2004|p=52}}}} <br>[[King of Kings]]{{efn|[[Persian language|Persian]]: Šāhanšāh}} | caption = Medallion of Adud al-Dawla ...

| image = Dinar of al-'Aziz billah, AH 366 (AD 976-977).jpg | caption = [[Gold dinar]] of al-Aziz minted in [[Jund Filastin|Palestine]] in [[Anno Hegirae|AH]] 366 (9 ...

| alt = Obverse and reverse of a copper coin with Arabic lettering | caption = Copper [[fals]] of the [[Samanid Empire|Samanid]] ruler [[Mansur I ibn Nuh]], citing al-Muti' ...

| image_caption = View of the town from Hasankeyf Castle in 2010 ...a natural conservation area by Turkey in 1981.{{sfn|"Hasankeyf", Ministry of Culture|2005}} ...

|image_skyline=Cizre-July2012-01.JPG|image_caption=Aerial view of Cizre|website={{URL| www.cizre.bel.tr | www.cizre.bel.tr }}|leader_name=Dav ...cember 2015|access-date=23 November 2020}}</ref> The city had a population of 130,916 in 2021.<ref name=":0">{{Cite web |title=31 ARALIK 2021 TARİHLİ A ...

...h caravan led to the [[Fijar War]] between the Hawazin and the [[Quraysh]] of [[Mecca]]. ...raq. Several, including [[Aslam ibn Zur'a]] and his family, were governors of [[Basra]], [[Greater Khorasan|Khurasan]], and other eastern provinces under ...

| conventional_long_name = Ayyubid Sultanate of Egypt | image_flag = Flag of Ayyubid Dynasty.svg ...

| s3 = Kingdom of Artsakh | symbol_type = Coat of arms ...

{{Short description|Historical development of Islam}} {{About|the history of Islam as a culture and polity|a history of the Islamic faith|Islamic schools and branches}} ...