Английская Википедия:1792
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Events
January–March
- January 9 – The Treaty of Jassy ends the Russian Empire's war with the Ottoman Empire over Crimea.[1]
- February 18 – Thomas Holcroft produces the comedy The Road to Ruin in London.
- February 20
- The Postal Service Act, establishing the United States Post Office Department, is signed by President George Washington.[2]
- Parliament House, Dublin catches fire during a legislative session. "Although in imminent danger of the roof falling in," it is noted later, "the House did not adjourn until a proper motion had been put and carried in the affirmative."[3]
- March 1 – Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor, the last emperor, takes office.
- March 7 – A settlement is formed in Sierra Leone in West Africa as a home for freed slaves.[4]
- March 16 – Assassination of Gustav III: King Gustav III of Sweden is shot in the back by Jacob Johan Anckarström, at a midnight masquerade at the Royal Opera in Stockholm; he lives until March 29, and is then succeeded by his 14-year-old son, Gustav IV Adolf.
- March 20 – A new capital of North Carolina, and seat of the newly formed Wake County, is established after North Carolina State senator and surveyor William Christmas submits his design for the city. A few months later, the capital is officially named Raleigh, in honor of Sir Walter Raleigh.
- March 22 – Haitian Revolution: Battle of Croix-des-Bouquets – Black slave insurgents gain a victory in the first major battle of the revolution.[5]
- March 25 – The National Legislative Assembly (France) agrees that the guillotine should be used for judicial executions.
April–June
- April 2 – The Coinage Act is passed, establishing the United States Mint.[2]
- April 5 – United States President George Washington vetoes a bill designed to apportion representatives among U.S. states. This is the first time the presidential veto is used in the United States.
- April 20 – France declares war against Austria, beginning the French Revolutionary Wars and the War of the First Coalition.
- April 21 – Tiradentes, a leading figure in the Inconfidência Mineira conspiracy, is executed in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
- April 25
- Highwayman Nicolas Pelletier becomes the first person executed by guillotine in France.
- La Marseillaise, the French national anthem, is composed by Claude Joseph Rouget de Lisle.
- May 11 – Robert Gray's Columbia River expedition: Captain Robert Gray, on the Columbia Rediviva, becomes the first white man to discover the mouth of the Columbia River.[2]
- May 17 – The Buttonwood Agreement is signed, beginning the New York Stock Exchange.
- May 18 – War in Defence of the Constitution: Russia invades Poland.
- May 21 – 1792 Unzen earthquake and tsunami: An old lava dome collapses in Kyūshū, Japan, due to activity of Mount Unzen volcano; the resulting avalanche and tsunami kill about 14,300 people.
- May 29 – The Great Sejm of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth is disbanded following the Russian invasion of Poland.
- June 1 – Kentucky becomes the 15th state of the United States of America.[2]
- June 4 – Captain George Vancouver claims Puget Sound for Great Britain.
- June 13
- Vancouver becomes the first European to enter Burrard Inlet.
- Prussia declares war against France.
July–September
- July 18 – Polish–Russian War: Battle of Dubienka – Soldiers of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, led by Tadeusz Kościuszko, resist an attack from Imperial Russian Army forces five times their size.
- August 10 – French Revolution: Insurrection of 10 August 1792 – The Tuileries Palace is stormed and Louis XVI of France is arrested and taken into custody.
- August 29–September 2 – War of the First Coalition: Battle of Verdun – Prussian forces defeat French troops led by Nicolas-Joseph Beaurepaire.[6]
- August 21 – Royalist Louis Collenot d'Angremont becomes the first person executed by guillotine for political reasons, in Paris.
- September – Macartney Embassy: George Macartney, 1st Earl Macartney, sails from Portsmouth in HMS Lion as the first official envoy from Great Britain to China.
- September 2–7 – French Revolution: September Massacres – Rampaging mobs slaughter three Roman Catholic bishops and more than 200 priests, together with at least 1,000 other criminals.
- September 11 – Six men steal some of the former French Crown Jewels from a warehouse where the revolutionary government has stored them.
- September 12 – The town of Fort Borbon is founded by Governor Joaquín Alós y Bru. Nowadays it is called Fuerte Olimpo.
- September 14 – Radical antimonarchist Thomas Paine flees from England to France after being indicted for treason. He is tried in absentia during December and outlawed.[7]
- September 20 – French Revolutionary Wars: Battle of Valmy – The French revolutionary army defeats the Prussians under the Duke of Brunswick after a 7-hour artillery duel.
- September 21 – French Revolution: A Proclamation of the abolition of the monarchy by the French Convention goes into effect, and the French First Republic is established, effective the following day.
- September 22 – French Revolution: The Era of the historical French Republican Calendar begins.
- September 30 – Chickamauga Cherokee launch an attack on Middle Tennessee to exterminate the White settlers; they are stopped at the opening battle at Buchanan's Station outside Nashboro.
October–December
- October 2 – The Baptist Missionary Society is founded in Kettering, England.
- October 3 – A militia departs from the Spanish stronghold of Valdivia to quell a Huilliche uprising in southern Chile.[8]
- October 12 – The first Columbus Day celebration in the United States is held in New York City, 300 years after his arrival in the New World.
- October 13 – Foundation of Washington, D.C.: The cornerstone of the United States Executive Mansion (known as the White House after 1818) is laid.
- October 29 – Mount Hood (Oregon) is named after British Admiral Lord Hood by Lt. William Broughton of the Vancouver Expedition, who spots the mountain near the mouth of the Willamette River.
- November 6
- War of the First Coalition: Battle of Jemappes – Austrian armies under the command of Duke Albert of Saxe-Teschen are defeated in Belgium (at this time part of the Austrian Netherlands) by the French Army led by General Charles François Dumouriez.[9]
- The second United States presidential election is held. Incumbent President George Washington receives all 132 electoral votes for president, and incumbent vice-president John Adams is re-elected with 77 of 132 votes, with George Clinton receiving 50.[2]
- November 19 – France's National Convention passes a resolution pledging French support for the overthrow of the governments of other nations.[10]
- December 3 – George Washington is re-elected President of the United States.
- December 26 – The trial of Louis XVI of France begins.
Date unknown
- Tipu Sultan invades Kerala, India, but is repulsed.
- Hungarian astronomer Franz Xaver von Zach publishes The Tables of the Sun, an essential early work for navigation.
- Claude Chappe successfully demonstrates the first semaphore line, between Paris and Lille.
- Scottish engineer William Murdoch begins experimenting with gas lighting.
- George Anschutz constructs the first blast furnace in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
- Mary Wollstonecraft's A Vindication of the Rights of Woman, one of the earliest works of feminist literature, is published in London.
- Barthélemy Catherine Joubert, future French general, becomes sub-lieutenant.
- Johann Georg Albrechtsberger becomes Kapellmeister in Vienna.
- The State Street Corporation is founded, in Boston, Massachusetts.
- The Insurance Company of North America (later Chubb) is founded in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
- Shiloh Meeting House, predecessor of Shiloh United Methodist Church in Lynchburg, Virginia, is founded.
- The first written examinations in Europe are held at the University of Cambridge in England.
- The composer Ludwig van Beethoven moves to Vienna from Bonn to study with Haydn. He would live in Vienna for the rest of his life.
- James Johnstone establishes that Vancouver Island is an island.
Births
January–June
- January 12 – Johann Arfvedson, Swedish chemist (d. 1841)
- February 17 – Karl Ernst von Baer, German naturalist (d. 1876)
- February 29 – Gioachino Rossini, Italian composer (d. 1868)[11]
- March 3 – Johann Karl Ludwig Gieseler, German church historian (d. 1854)
- March 4
- Isaac Lea, American conchologist, geologist and publisher (d. 1886)
- Samuel Slocum, American inventor (d. 1861)
- March 7 – John Herschel, English mathematician and astronomer (d. 1871)[12]
- April 1 – Karl Gottlob Zumpt, German classical scholar (d. 1849)
- April 2 – Francisco de Paula Santander, President of Colombia (d. 1840)
- April 4 – Thaddeus Stevens, American politician (d. 1868)
- April 23 – Thomas Romney Robinson, Irish astronomer and physicist (d. 1882)
- April 25 – John Keble, English churchman and poet (d. 1866)
- May 10 – Willie Person Mangum, American politician (d. 1861)
- May 13 – Pope Pius IX (b. Giovanni Mastai-Ferretti), Italian churchman (d. 1878)
- May 15 – James Mayer de Rothschild, German-born banker (d. 1868)
- May 17 – Anne Isabella Milbanke, English wife of Lord Byron (d. 1860)
- May 18 – Margaret Ann Neve, Guernesiaise supercentenarian (d. 1903)
- May 21 – Gaspard-Gustave Coriolis, French engineer and scientist (d. 1843)[13]
- June 13 – William Austin Burt, American inventor, "father of the typewriter" (d. 1858)
- June 16 – John Linnell, English painter (d. 1882)[14]
- June 21 – Ferdinand Christian Baur, German theologian (d. 1860)
July–December
- July 7 – William Henry Smith, English newsvendor and bookseller (d. 1865)
- July 10 – Frederick Marryat, British naval captain and novelist (d. 1848)[15]
- July 27 – Maria Quitéria, Brazilian national heroine (d. 1853)
- August 4 – Percy Bysshe Shelley, English poet (d. 1822)[16]
- August 13 – Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen of William IV of the United Kingdom (d. 1849)[17]
- August 18 – John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1878)
- August 22 – John Church Hamilton, American historian (d. 1882)
- August 26 – Manuel Oribe, 2nd President of Uruguay (d. 1857)[18]
- September 2 – Vicente Ramón Roca, 3rd President of Ecuador (d. 1858)
- September 19 – William Backhouse Astor, Sr., American business tycoon (d. 1875)
- September 26 – William Hobson, first Governor of New Zealand (d. 1842)
- October 29 – Thomas Livingstone Mitchell, explorer, Surveyor-General of New South Wales, Australia (d. 1855)
- November 4 – Carlos Antonio López, president of Paraguay (d. 1862)
- November 10 – Samuel Nelson, Associate Justice of the Supreme Court of the United States (d. 1873)
- November 11 – Mary Anne Evans, wife of Benjamin Disraeli (d. 1872)
- November 28 – Victor Cousin, French philosopher (d. 1867)[19]
- December 1 – Nikolai Lobachevsky, Russian mathematician (d. 1856)
- December 5 – Andrés de Santa Cruz, Peruvian military officer, seventh President of Peru and President of Bolivia (d. 1865)
- December 6 – William II of the Netherlands (d. 1849)
- date unknown – Nodira, Uzbek poet and stateswoman (d. 1842)
Deaths
January–June
- January 17 – George Horne, British academic and Bishop of Norwich (b.1730)
- February 15 – John Witherspoon, Scottish American signer of the Declaration of Independence (b. 1723)
- February 23 – Sir Joshua Reynolds, English painter (b. 1723)[20]
- March 1
- Leopold II, Holy Roman Emperor (b. 1747)
- Jean Godin des Odonais, French cartographer and naturalist (b. 1713)
- March 1 – Angelo Emo, Venetian admiral and statesman (b. 1731)
- March 3 – Robert Adam, Scottish architect and designer (b. 1728)[21]
- March 10 – John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (b. 1713)[22]
- March 23 – Luís António Verney, Portuguese philosopher and pedagogue (b. 1713)
- March 29 – King Gustav III of Sweden (assassinated) (b. 1746)
- April 3 – Sir George Pocock, British admiral (b. 1706)
- April 4 – James Sykes, American politician (b. 1725)
- April 14 – Maximilian Hell, Slovakian astronomer (b. 1720)
- April 20 – Matthias von Schoenberg, Catholic author (b. 1732)[23]
- April 23 – Karl Friedrich Bahrdt, German theologian, adventurer (b. 1741)
- April 30 – John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, English statesman (b. 1718)
- May 10 – John Stevens, American delegate to the Continental Congress (b. c. 1715)
- May 12 – Charles Simon Favart, French dramatist (b. 1710)[24]
- May 24 – George Brydges Rodney, 1st Baron Rodney, British naval officer (b. 1718)
- June 4 – John Burgoyne, British general (b. 1723)[25]
- June 22 – Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab, Arabian Wahhabi preacher (b. 1703)
July–December
- July 3 – Duke Ferdinand of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel (b. 1721)
- July 18 – John Paul Jones, American-born naval captain (b. 1747)
- July 21 – Richard Hancorne, British Royal Navy officer (b. 1754)
- July 29 – René Nicolas Charles Augustin de Maupeou, Chancellor of France (b. 1714)
- August 3 – Richard Arkwright, English inventor (b. 1732)
- August 5 – Frederick North, Lord North, Prime Minister of Great Britain (b. 1732)[26]
- September 3 – Marie Thérèse Louise of Savoy, Princesse de Lamballe, French princess, courtier to Marie Antoinette (killed in September Massacres) (b. 1749)
- September 8 – Charles d'Abancour, French statesman (killed in September Massacres) (b. 1758)
- September 16 – Nguyễn Huệ, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1753)
- September 18 – August Gottlieb Spangenberg, German religious leader (b. 1704)
- September 25 – Adam Gottlob Moltke, Danish statesman (b. 1710)
- September 29 – George Browne, Russian-Irish field-marshal (b. 1698)
- October 7 – George Mason, American patriot (b. 1725)
- October 14 – Sophie Charlotte Ackermann, German actress (b. 1714)
- October 21 – Anders Rudolf du Rietz, Swedish general, count and politician (b. 1722)
- October 22 – Guillaume Le Gentil, French astronomer (b. 1725)
- October 28
- Paul Möhring, German physician and scientist (b. 1710)
- John Smeaton, English civil engineer (b. 1724)
- November – Samuel Hearne, English explorer, fur-trader, author and naturalist (b. 1745)
- December 7 – Marie Jeanne Riccoboni (Laboras de Mezières), French novelist (b. 1714)[27]
- December 8 – Henry Laurens, political leader during the American Revolutionary War, father of John Laurens (b. 1724)
- December 15
- Joseph Martin Kraus, Swedish composer (b. 1756)[28]
- Hugh Pigot, British Royal Navy admiral (b. 1722)
References
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 Harper's Encyclopaedia of United States History from 458 A. D. to 1909, ed. by Benson John Lossing and, Woodrow Wilson (Harper & Brothers, 1910) p169
- ↑ "Fires, Great", in The Insurance Cyclopeadia: Being an Historical Treasury of Events and Circumstances Connected with the Origin and Progress of Insurance, Cornelius Walford, ed. (C. and E. Layton, 1876) pp62.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book.
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Eric J. Evans, The Forging of the Modern State: Early Industrial Britain, 1783-1870 (Routledge, 2014)
- ↑ Robert Bisset, The Reign of George III: To which is Prefixed a View of the Progressive Improvements of England in Property and Strength to the Accession of His Majesty, Volume 2 (Edward Parker, 1822) p855
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite encyclopedia
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:CathEncy
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
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