Английская Википедия:2012 VP113

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Шаблон:Infobox planet Шаблон:Mp, also known by its nickname "Biden", is a trans-Neptunian object of the sednoid population, located in the outermost reaches of the Solar System. It was first observed on 5 November 2012 by American astronomers Scott Sheppard and Chad Trujillo at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory in Chile.[1][2] The discovery was announced on 26 March 2014.[3][4] The object probably measures somewhere between 300 and 1000 km in diameter, possibly large enough to be a dwarf planet.

Classification and physical characteristics

Шаблон:Mp is the minor planet with the farthest known perihelion (closest approach to the Sun) in the Solar System, greater than Шаблон:Dp's.[5] Though its perihelion is farther, Шаблон:Mp has an aphelion only about half of Sedna's. It is the second discovered sednoid, with semi-major axis beyond Шаблон:Val and perihelion greater than Шаблон:Val. The similarity of the orbit of Шаблон:Mp to other known extreme trans-Neptunian objects led Scott Sheppard and Chad Trujillo to suggest that an undiscovered object, Planet Nine, in the outer Solar System is shepherding these distant objects into similar type orbits.[3]

It has an absolute magnitude of 4.0,[1] which means it may be large enough to be a dwarf planet.[6] It is expected to be about half the size of Sedna and similar in size to Huya.[7] Its surface is thought to have a pink tinge, resulting from chemical changes produced by the effect of radiation on frozen water, methane, and carbon dioxide.[8] This optical color is consistent with formation in the gas-giant region and not the classical Kuiper belt, which is dominated by ultra-red colored objects.[3]

History

Discovery

Файл:2012 VP113 discovery image.jpg
Discovery images taken on 5 November 2012. A merger of three discovery images, the red, green and blue dots on the image represent Шаблон:Mp's location on each of the images, taken two hours apart from each other.

Шаблон:Mp was first observed on 5 November 2012[2] with NOAO's 4-meter Víctor M. Blanco Telescope at the Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory.[9] Carnegie's 6.5-meter Magellan telescope at Las Campanas Observatory in Chile was used to determine its orbit and surface properties.[9] Before being announced to the public, it was only tracked by Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory (807) and Las Campanas Observatory (304).[1] Two precovery measurements from 22 October 2011 have been reported.[1] A primary issue with observing it and finding precovery observations of it is that at an apparent magnitude of 23, it is too faint for most telescopes to easily observe.

Nickname

Шаблон:Mp was abbreviated "VP" and nicknamed "Biden" by the discovery team, after Joe Biden who, at the time of discovery, was vice president ("VP") of the United States.[4]

Orbit

Шаблон:See also Шаблон:Mp has the largest perihelion distance of any known object in the Solar System.[10] Its last perihelion was within a couple months of September 1979.[11] The paucity of bodies with perihelia at Шаблон:Val appears not to be an observational artifact.[3]

It is possibly a member of a hypothesized Hills cloud.[7][9][12] It has a perihelion, argument of perihelion, and current position in the sky similar to those of Sedna.[7] In fact, all known Solar System bodies with semi-major axes over Шаблон:Val and perihelia greater than Neptune's have arguments of perihelion clustered near Шаблон:Val.[3] This could indicate a similar formation mechanism for these bodies.[3] Шаблон:Mpl was the first such object discovered.

It is currently unknown how Шаблон:Mp acquired a perihelion distance beyond the Kuiper belt. The characteristics of its orbit, like those of Sedna's, have been explained as possibly created by a passing star or a trans-Neptunian planet of several Earth masses hundreds of astronomical units from the Sun.[13] The orbital architecture of the trans-Plutonian region may signal the presence of more than one planet.[14][15] Шаблон:Mp could even be captured from another planetary system.[6] However, it is considered more likely that the perihelion of Шаблон:Mp was raised by multiple interactions within the crowded confines of the open star cluster in which the Sun formed.[7]

See also

Other large aphelion objects

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:Commons category

Шаблон:2014 in space Шаблон:Dwarf planets Шаблон:Trans-Neptunian objects Шаблон:Small Solar System bodies Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPC-object не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPEC2014-F40 не указан текст
  3. ↑ 3,0 3,1 3,2 3,3 3,4 3,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок nature letter не указан текст
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок nature news не указан текст
  5. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NYT-20140326 не указан текст
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Sheppard не указан текст
  7. ↑ 7,0 7,1 7,2 7,3 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Lakdawalla2014 не указан текст
  8. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Guardian не указан текст
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NASA announcement не указан текст
  10. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок jpl-search не указан текст
  11. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Horizons1979 не указан текст
  12. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Wall2014 не указан текст
  13. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок phys.2014.edge не указан текст
  14. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
  15. ↑ Шаблон:Cite journal
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