Английская Википедия:2018 AG37

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Шаблон:Short description

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Шаблон:Mp is a distant trans-Neptunian object and centaur that was discovered Шаблон:Convert from the Sun,[1] farther than any other currently observable known object in the Solar System.[2][3] Imaged in January 2018 during a search for the hypothetical Planet Nine,[4] the confirmation of this object was announced in a press release in February 2021 by astronomers Scott Sheppard, David Tholen, and Chad Trujillo. The object was nicknamed "FarFarOut" to emphasize its distance from the Sun.[2]

At a very faint apparent magnitude of 25, only the largest telescopes in the world can observe it.[5] Being so far from the Sun, Шаблон:Mp moves very slowly among the background stars and has been observed only nine times in the first two years.[6] It requires an observation arc of several years to refine the uncertainties in the approximately 700-year orbital period and determine whether it is currently near or at aphelion (farthest distance from the Sun). JPL Horizons computes an aphelion around the year 2005 at about 133 AU,[7] whereas Project Pluto computes aphelion around the year 1976 slightly further out at 134 AU.[8] Its perihelion is a little less than Neptune's.

Discovery

Шаблон:Mp was first imaged on 15 January 2018 by astronomers Scott Sheppard, David Tholen, and Chad Trujillo when they were surveying the sky using the large 8.2-meter Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory, Hawaii, to find distant Solar System objects and the hypothetical Planet Nine, whose existence they proposed in 2014.[5][4] However, it was not noticed until January 2019, when Sheppard decided to review the Subaru images taken in 2018 after having an upcoming lecture delayed by weather.[4][9] In two of these images taken one day apart in January, he identified a very faint apparent magnitude 25.3 object that moved slowly relative to the background stars and galaxies.[5] Based on two positions of Шаблон:Mp in those images, Sheppard estimated its distance was roughly around 140 astronomical units (AU), farther than Шаблон:Mpl which was discovered and announced by his team one month earlier in December 2018.[9]

In his rescheduled talk on 21 February 2019, Sheppard remarked on his discovery of Шаблон:Mp, which he jokingly nicknamed "FarFarOut" as a succession to the nickname "Farout" used for the previous farthest object Шаблон:Mp.[9] Following Шаблон:Mp's discovery, Sheppard reobserved the object in March 2019 with the 6.5-meter Magellan-Baade telescope at Las Campanas Observatory, Chile. Additional observations were then made in May 2019 and January 2020 with the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea.[5]

These observations over a two-year period established a tentative orbit solution for Шаблон:Mp, permitting it to be confirmed and announced by the Minor Planet Center.[10] The confirmation of Шаблон:Mp was formally announced in a press release by the Carnegie Institution for Science on 10 February 2021.[2]

Nomenclature

The object was nicknamed "FarFarOut" for its distant location from the Sun, and particularly because it was even farther than the previous farthest known object Шаблон:Mp which was nicknamed "Farout".[2] It is officially known by the provisional designation Шаблон:Mp given by the Minor Planet Center when the discovery was announced.[5] The provisional designation indicates the object's discovery date, with the first letter representing the first half of January and the succeeding letter and numbers indicating that it is the 932nd object discovered during that half-month.Шаблон:Efn

The object has not yet been assigned an official minor planet number by the Minor Planet Center due to its short observation arc and high orbital uncertainty.[11] Шаблон:Mp will be given a minor planet number when its orbit is well-secured by observations over multiple opposition and will become eligible for naming by its discoverers after it is numbered with a well-defined orbit.[10][12]

Orbit

Файл:KBOs and resonances.png
Distribution of trans-Neptunian objects. Objects classified as centaurs are shown in green (2018 AG37 highlighted).

Шаблон:As of, Шаблон:Mp has only been observed nine times over an observation arc of two years.[11] Being so far from the Sun, Шаблон:Mp moves so slowly that two years of observations have not adequately determined its orbit.[2] The nominal orbit is highly uncertain with a condition code of 9.[11] Several years of additional observations are necessary to refine the orbital uncertainties.[2][12] It comes to opposition each January.[1]

Only Шаблон:Mp's distance and orbital elements that define its position (inclination and longitude of the ascending node) have been adequately determined by its two-year observation arc.[6] The orbital elements that define the shape and motion of Шаблон:Mp's orbit (eccentricity, mean anomaly, etc.) are poorly determined because its observation arc does not provide sufficient coverage of its wide-ranging orbit, especially when it moves very slowly due to its large distance.[6] The nominal best-fit orbit solution provided by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) Small-Body Database gives an orbital semi-major axis of Шаблон:Val and an eccentricity of Шаблон:Val, corresponding to a perihelion and aphelion distance of Шаблон:Val and Шаблон:Val, respectively.[11][6] The orbital period of Шаблон:Mp is poorly known, but it probably lies around 700 years.[6][2]

Given the uncertainty of Шаблон:Mp's nominal perihelion distance, it likely crosses Neptune's orbit (30.1 AU) with a nominal minimum orbit intersection distance (MOID) around Шаблон:Convert.[11] Шаблон:Mp's small perihelion distance and elongated orbit implies that it has experienced strong gravitational interactions with Neptune in past close encounters.[2] Other trans-Neptunian objects are known to have been scattered onto similarly distant and elongated orbits by Neptune—these are collectively known as scattered disc objects.[13]

Distance

The object was initially estimated to be roughly Шаблон:Convert from the Sun, but this estimate was uncertain due to the very short initial observation arc. When it was announced in February 2021, Шаблон:Mp had an observation arc of two years. Based on this, it was Шаблон:Convert from the Sun at the time of its discovery on 15 January 2018.[1] Шаблон:As of, it is the farthest observed object of the Solar System.[2]

However, over a hundred trans-Neptunian objects are known to have aphelion distances that bring them farther from the Sun than Шаблон:Mp[14] and many near-parabolic comets are currently much farther from the Sun. Comet Donati (C/1858 L1) is over Шаблон:Convert,[15] and Caesar's Comet (C/-43 K1) is calculated to be more than Шаблон:Convert from the Sun.[16] However, none of these more distant objects are currently observable even with the most powerful telescopes.

Physical characteristics

Файл:Farfarout Illustration.jpg
This illustration imagines what the distant object nicknamed "FarFarOut" might look like in the outer reaches of the Solar System

Based on Шаблон:Mp's apparent brightness and projected distance, the Minor Planet Center calculates an absolute magnitude of 4.2.[11] It is listed by the Minor Planet Center as the 12th intrinsically brightest known scattered disc object.[13]

The size of Шаблон:Mp is unmeasured, but it likely lies between Шаблон:Cvt in diameter assuming a geometric albedo range of 0.10–0.25.[17] Sheppard estimates that Шаблон:Mp's diameter lies at the lower end of this range, as he concludes that it has a highly reflective and ice-rich surface.[2] Johnston assumes a dark albedo of 0.057 and a larger diameter of Шаблон:Convert, and classifies Шаблон:Mp as a centaur. If correct, that would make it the largest known centaur.[18]

See also

Notes

Шаблон:Notelist

References

Шаблон:Reflist

External links

Шаблон:2021 in space Шаблон:2018 in space Шаблон:Trans-Neptunian objects Шаблон:Small Solar System bodies Шаблон:Portal bar Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок horizons не указан текст
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 2,2 2,3 2,4 2,5 2,6 2,7 2,8 2,9 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Carnegie не указан текст
  3. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок VoyagerStatus не указан текст
  4. ↑ 4,0 4,1 4,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок sciam не указан текст
  5. ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 5,3 5,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPEC-2021-C187 не указан текст
  6. ↑ 6,0 6,1 6,2 6,3 6,4 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок jpldata не указан текст
  7. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Horizons2005 не указан текст
  8. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок ProjectPluto1969 не указан текст
  9. ↑ 9,0 9,1 9,2 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Voosen2019 не указан текст
  10. ↑ 10,0 10,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок HowNamed не указан текст
  11. ↑ 11,0 11,1 11,2 11,3 11,4 11,5 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPC-object не указан текст
  12. ↑ 12,0 12,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок NOIRLab не указан текст
  13. ↑ 13,0 13,1 Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок MPC-Cen-SDO-List не указан текст
  14. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок SBDB-200AU не указан текст
  15. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок don не указан текст
  16. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок cc не указан текст
  17. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок sizemagnitude не указан текст
  18. ↑ Ошибка цитирования Неверный тег <ref>; для сносок Johnston-TNOs не указан текст
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