Английская Википедия:7400-series integrated circuits

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Upper half is a line diagram showing four NAND gate symbols in a rectangle. Lower half is a photo of a grey rectangular integrated circuit package with metal pins on the two long sides, and lettering on top as described in the caption

The SN7400N chip contains four two-input NAND gates. The SN prefix indicates it was manufactured by Texas Instruments The N suffix is a vendor-specific code indicating plastic DIP packaging. The second line of numbers (7645) is a date code; this chip was manufactured in the 45th week of 1976.

The 7400 series is a popular logic family of transistor–transistor logic (TTL) integrated circuits (ICs).

In 1964, Texas Instruments introduced the SN5400 series of logic chips, in a ceramic semiconductor package. A low-cost plastic package SN7400 series was introduced in 1966 which quickly gained over 50% of the logic chip market, and eventually becoming de facto standardized electronic components. Over the decades, many generations of pin-compatible descendant families evolved to include support for low power CMOS technology, lower supply voltages, and surface mount packages.

Overview

The 7400 series contains hundreds of devices that provide everything from basic logic gates, flip-flops, and counters, to special purpose bus transceivers and arithmetic logic units (ALU). Specific functions are described in a list of 7400 series integrated circuits. Some TTL logic parts were made with an extended military-specification temperature range. These parts are prefixed with 54 instead of 74 in the part number. The less-common 64 and 84 prefixes on Texas Instruments parts indicated an industrial temperature range. Since the 1970s, new product families have been released to replace the original 7400 series. More recent TTL-compatible logic families were manufactured using CMOS or BiCMOS technology rather than TTL.

Texas Instruments prefixes for TTL temperature ranges

Prefix	Name	Temperature range	Remarks
54	Military	-55 °C to +125 °C
64	Industrial	-40 °C to +85 °C	rare
74	Commercial	0 °C to +70 °C	most common

Today, surface-mounted CMOS versions of the 7400 series are used in various applications in electronics and for glue logic in computers and industrial electronics. The original through-hole devices in dual in-line packages (DIP/DIL) were the mainstay of the industry for many decades. They are useful for rapid breadboard-prototyping and for education and remain available from most manufacturers. The fastest types and very low voltage versions are typically surface-mount only, however.Шаблон:Citation needed

Файл:KL TI SN5451 Logic IC (cropped).jpg

Texas Instruments SN5451 in the original flat package

The first part number in the series, the 7400, is a 14-pin IC containing four two-input NAND gates. Each gate uses two input pins and one output pin, with the remaining two pins being power (+5 V) and ground. This part was made in various through-hole and surface-mount packages, including flat pack and plastic/ceramic dual in-line. Additional characters in a part number identify the package and other variations.

Unlike the older resistor-transistor logic integrated circuits, bipolar TTL gates were unsuitable to be used as analog devices, providing low gain, poor stability, and low input impedance. Special-purpose TTL devices were used to provide interface functions such as Schmitt triggers or monostable multivibrator timing circuits. Inverting gates could be cascaded as a ring oscillator, useful for purposes where high stability was not required.

History

Although the 7400 series was the first de facto industry standard TTL logic family (i.e. second-sourced by several semiconductor companies), there were earlier TTL logic families such as:

• Sylvania Universal High-level Logic in 1963
• Motorola MC4000 MTTL
• National Semiconductor DM8000Шаблон:Better source needed
• Fairchild 9300 series
• Signetics 8200 and 8T00

The 7400 quad 2-input NAND gate was the first product in the series, introduced by Texas Instruments in a military grade metal flat package (5400W) in October 1964. The pin assignment of this early series differed from the de facto standard set by the later series in DIP packages (in particular, ground was connected to pin 11 and the power supply to pin 4, compared to pins 7 and 14 for DIP packages). The extremely popular commercial grade plastic DIP (7400N) followed in the third quarter of 1966.

The 5400 and 7400 series were used in many popular minicomputers in the 1970s and early 1980s. Some models of the DEC PDP-series 'minis' used the 74181 ALU as the main computing element in the CPU. Other examples were the Data General Nova series and Hewlett-Packard 21MX, 1000, and 3000 series.

In 1965, typical quantity-one pricing for the SN5400 (military grade, in ceramic welded flat-pack) was around 22 USD. As of 2007, individual commercial-grade chips in molded epoxy (plastic) packages can be purchased for approximately US$0.25 each, depending on the particular chip.

• Die of a 74AHC00D, manufactured by NXP

  Die of a 74AHC00D, manufactured by NXP

• SN7400 die in the original flat package, manufactured by TI

  SN7400 die in the original flat package, manufactured by TI

• Die vs Schematic of one gate in a 74H00

  Die vs Schematic of one gate in a 74H00

• Schematic of one gate in a 7400

  Schematic of one gate in a 7400

• Schematic of one gate in a 74LS00

  Schematic of one gate in a 74LS00

• Schematic of one gate in a 74ALS00

  Schematic of one gate in a 74ALS00

• Size comparison of 74HC00 in DIP vs TSSOP package

  Size comparison of 74HC00 in DIP vs TSSOP package

Families

Файл:Consommations TTL-HC.png

Current (Amp) vs Speed (Hz) comparison of various 7400 families

7400 series parts were constructed using bipolar junction transistors (BJT), forming what is referred to as transistor–transistor logic or TTL. Newer series, more or less compatible in function and logic level with the original parts, use CMOS technology or a combination of the two (BiCMOS). Originally the bipolar circuits provided higher speed but consumed more power than the competing 4000 series of CMOS devices. Bipolar devices are also limited to a fixed power supply voltage, typically 5 V, while CMOS parts often support a range of supply voltages.

Milspec-rated devices for use in extended temperature conditions are available as the 5400 series. Texas Instruments also manufactured radiation-hardened devices with the prefix RSN, and the company offered beam-lead bare dies for integration into hybrid circuits with a BL prefix designation.

Regular-speed TTL parts were also available for a time in the 6400 series – these had an extended industrial temperature range of −40 °C to +85 °C. While companies such as Mullard listed 6400-series compatible parts in 1970 data sheets, by 1973 there was no mention of the 6400 family in the Texas Instruments TTL Data Book. Texas Instruments brought back the 6400 series in 1989 for the SN64BCT540. The SN64BCTxxx series is still in production as of 2023. Some companies have also offered industrial extended temperature range variants using the regular 7400-series part numbers with a prefix or suffix to indicate the temperature grade.

As integrated circuits in the 7400 series were made in different technologies, usually compatibility was retained with the original TTL logic levels and power supply voltages. An integrated circuit made in CMOS is not a TTL chip, since it uses field-effect transistors (FETs) and not bipolar junction transistors (BJT), but similar part numbers are retained to identify similar logic functions and electrical (power and I/O voltage) compatibility in the different subfamilies. Over 40 different logic subfamilies use this standardized part number scheme.Шаблон:Page needed The headings in the following table are: V_cc – power supply voltage; t_pd – maximum gate delay; I_OL – maximum output current at low level; I_OH – maximum output current at high level. t_pd, I_OL, and I_OH apply to most gates in a given family. Driver or buffer gates have higher output currents.

Code	Family	Vcc	tpd	IOL	IOH	YearШаблон:Efn	Description
Bipolar TTL FamiliesШаблон:Efn
74	Standard TTL	5 V ±5%	22 ns	16 mA	-0.4 mA	1966Шаблон:Rp	The original 7400 logic family. Contains no characters between the "74" and the part number.Шаблон:Rp
74H	High-Speed	5 V ±5%	10 ns	20 mA	-0.5 mA	1967Шаблон:Rp	Higher speed than the original 74 series, at the expense of power dissipation. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:RpШаблон:Rp
74L	Low-Power	5 V ±5%	60 ns	3.6 mA	-0.2 mA	1967Шаблон:Rp	Same technology as the original 74 family, but with larger resistors to lower power consumption at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels. Now obsolete.Шаблон:Rp
74S	Schottky	5 V ±5%	5 ns	20 mA	-1 mA	1969Шаблон:Rp	Implemented using Schottky diode. High current draw. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:RpШаблон:Rp
74LS	Low-Power Schottky	5 V ±5%	15 ns	8 mA	-0.4 mA	1971Шаблон:Rp	Same technology as the 74S family, but with lower power consumption (2 mW) at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:RpШаблон:Rp
74F	FAST	5 V ±5%	3.9 ns	20 mA	-1 mA	1978	Originally Fairchild's version of the 74AS family. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
74ALS	Advanced Low-Power Schottky	5 V ±10%	11 ns	8 mA	-0.4 mA	1980Шаблон:Rp	Same technology as the 74AS family, but with lower power consumption at the expense of gate speed. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
74AS	Advanced Schottky	5 V ±10%	4.5 ns	20 mA	-2 mA	1982Шаблон:Rp	Same technology as the 74S family, but with "miller killer" circuitry to speed up low-to-high transitions. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
CMOS and BiCMOS FamiliesШаблон:Efn
74C	CMOS	3.0–15 V	60 ns	0.36 mA	-0.36 mA	1975Шаблон:Rp	74C is standard CMOS, similar to buffered 4000 (4000B) series. Input levels not compatible with TTL families. The 4000A series was introduced in 1968, the 4000B around 1975.
74HCШаблон:Efn	High-Speed CMOS	2.0–6.0 V	15 ns	4 mA	-4 mA	1983?Шаблон:Rp	Similar performance to 74LS. CMOS logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
74HCT	High-Speed CMOS	5 V ±10%	15 ns	4.8 mA	-4.8 mA	1983?Шаблон:Rp	Similar performance to 74LS. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
74HCTLS	High-Speed CMOS	5 V ±10%	15 ns	8 mA	-4 mA	1988?Шаблон:Rp	Samsung's version of the 74HCT series. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
74HCS	Schmitt-Trigger Integrated High-Speed CMOS	2.0–6.0 V	13 ns	7.8 mA	-7.8 mA	2019?	Schmitt triggers on all inputs. CMOS logic levels.
74AHCШаблон:Efn	Advanced High-Speed CMOS	2.0–5.5 V	5.5 ns	8 mA	-8 mA		Up to three times as fast as the 74HC family. 5 V tolerant inputs. CMOS logic levels.Шаблон:Rp Equivalent to 74VHC.Шаблон:Rp
74AHCT	Advanced High-Speed CMOS	5 V ±10%	6.9 ns	8 mA	-8 mA	1986?	Up to three times as fast as the 74HCT family. TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp Equivalent to 74VHCT.Шаблон:Rp
74VHCШаблон:Efn	Very High-Speed CMOS	2.0–5.5 V	5.5 ns	8 mA	-8 mA	1992?	5 V tolerant inputs. Equivalent to 74AHC.Шаблон:Rp CMOS logic levels.
74VHCT	Very High-Speed CMOS	5 V ±10%	6.9 ns	8 mA	-8 mA	1995?	Equivalent to 74AHCT.Шаблон:Rp TTL logic levels.
74AC	Advanced CMOS	2.0–6.0 V	8 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1985Шаблон:Rp	CMOS logic levels.Шаблон:Rp Outputs may cause ground bounce.
74ACT	Advanced CMOS	5 V ±10%	8 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1985Шаблон:Rp	TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp Outputs may cause ground bounce.
74ACQ	Advanced CMOS with "quiet" outputs	2.0–6.0 V	6.5 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1989	Fairchild's "Quiet Series" offering lower ringing and ground bounce on state transitions. Bus interface circuits only in this family. CMOS logic levels.
74ACTQ	Advanced CMOS with "quiet" outputs	5 V ±10%	7.5 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1989	Fairchild's "Quiet Series" offering lower ringing and ground bounce on state transitions. TTL logic levels.
74ABTШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Advanced BiCMOS	5 V ±10%	3.6 ns	20 mA	-15 mA	1991?	TTL logic levels.
74LVCE	Low-Voltage CMOS	1.4–5.5 V	3.6 ns	32 mA	-32 mA	2010?	CMOS logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Extented supply voltage range and higher speed compared to 74LVC.
Low-Voltage CMOS and BiCMOS FamiliesШаблон:Efn
74LVTШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Low-Voltage BiCMOS	2.7–3.6 V	4.1 ns	32 mA	-20 mA	1992Шаблон:Rp	TTL logic levels, 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs. Note, original 1992 LVTs had bus-hold. However a 1996 redesign of LVT emphasized performance, so 1992 LVTs were renamed LVTH to denote the bus-hold feature explicitly in the device name. LVTH also added the high impedance during power up/down feature.
74LVQ	Low-Voltage Quiet CMOS	2.0–3.6 V	9.5 ns	12 mA	-12 mA	1992Шаблон:Rp	TTL logic levels. Guaranteed incident-wave switching for 75 Ω lines.Шаблон:Rp
74LVШаблон:Efn	Low-Voltage CMOS	2.7–3.6 V	18 ns	6 mA	-6 mA	1993?Шаблон:Rp	TTL logic levels.Шаблон:Rp
74LVCШаблон:EfnШаблон:EfnШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Low-Voltage CMOS	2.0–3.6 V	6 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1993?Шаблон:Rp	TTL logic levels, 5 V tolerant inputs.Шаблон:Rp
74ALVCШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS	1.65–3.6 V	3.0 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1994?Шаблон:Rp	3.3 V tolerant inputs and outputs.
74VCX	Advanced Low-Voltage CMOS	1.20–3.6 V	3.1 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1997	Fairchild's version of 74ALVC.Шаблон:Rp 3.3 V tolerant inputs and outputs.
74LCXШаблон:EfnШаблон:EfnШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Low-Voltage High-Speed CMOS	2.0–3.6 V	4.3 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1994	Fairchild's version of 74LVC.Шаблон:Rp TTL logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs and outputs.
74LVXШаблон:Efn	Low-Voltage High-Speed CMOS	2.0–3.6 V	9.7 ns	4 mA	-4 mA	1994?	TTL logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Faster than 74VHC at low voltages.
74AUP	Advanced Ultra-Low-Power	0.80–3.6 V	3.8 ns	4 mA	-4 mA	2004?	3.3 V tolerant hysteresis inputs.
74G	Gigahertz	1.65–3.6 V	1.5 ns	12 mA	-12 mA	2006	Speeds over 1 gigahertz with 5 V tolerant inputs.
Very-Low-Voltage CMOS Families
74AUCШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Advanced Ultra-Low-Voltage CMOS	0.80–2.7 V	2.0 ns	9 mA	-9 mA	2002?	3.3 V tolerant inputs.
Limited Families for Special ApplicationsШаблон:Efn
74FCT	Fast CMOS	5 V ±5%	7 ns	64 mA	-15 mA	1986?	Manufactured in CMOS or BiCMOS technology. Performance like 74F at lower power consumption. No simple gates in this family.
74BCT	BiCMOS	5 V ±10%	6.6 ns	64 mA	-15 mA	1988?	TTL logic levels. Bus interface circuits only in this family.
74FBT	Fast BiCMOS	5 V ±10%	4.1 ns	64 mA	-24 mA	1990?Шаблон:Rp	Bus interface circuits only in this family.Шаблон:Rp
74FB	Futurebus	5 V ±5%	5 ns	80 mA	– Шаблон:Efn	1992?Шаблон:Rp	Futurebus+ interface circuits only in this family.Шаблон:Rp
74GTL	Gunning transceiver logic	5 V ±5%	4 ns	64 mA	-32 mA	1993?Шаблон:Rp	Bus interface circuits only in this family.Шаблон:Rp
74GTLPШаблон:Efn	Gunning transceiver logic Plus	3.15–3.45 V	7.5 ns	50 mA	– Шаблон:Efn	1996	Bus interface circuits only in this family. Fairchild's improved version of 74GTL (higher bus speed, lower ground bounce).Шаблон:Rp
74CBTШаблон:EfnШаблон:Efn	Crossbar Switch	5 V ±10%	0.25 ns	64 mA	-15 mA	1992?Шаблон:Rp	FET bus switches only in this family.Шаблон:Rp
74FST	Crossbar Switch	5 V ±5%	0.25 ns	30 mA	-15 mA	1995?Шаблон:Rp	FET bus switches only in this family.Шаблон:Rp IDT's version of 74CBT.Шаблон:Rp
74CBTLV	Crossbar Switch Low-Voltage	2.3–3.6 V	0.25 ns	64 mA	-15 mA	1997?Шаблон:Rp	FET bus switches only in this family.Шаблон:Rp
74ALB	Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS	3.0–3.6 V	2.0 ns	25 mA	-25 mA	1996?Шаблон:Rp	Bus interface circuits only in this family.Шаблон:Rp
74LPT	Low-Voltage CMOS	2.7–3.6 V	4.1 ns	24 mA	-24 mA	1996?Шаблон:Rp	Bus interface circuits only in this family. 5 V tolerant inputs.Шаблон:Rp
74AVCШаблон:Efn	Advanced Very-Low-Voltage CMOS	1.40–3.6 V	1.7 ns	12 mA	-12 mA	1998?	3.3 V tolerant inputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.
74ALVTШаблон:Efn	Advanced Low-Voltage BiCMOS	2.3–3.6 V	2.5 ns	64 mA	-32 mA	1999?	5 V tolerant inputs and outputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.
74AHCV	Advanced High-Speed CMOS	1.8–5.5 V	7.5 ns	16 mA	-16 mA	2016?	CMOS logic levels. 5 V tolerant inputs. Extented supply voltage range and higher speed compared to 74AHC. Bus interface circuits only in this family. See also 74LVCE.
74AXCШаблон:Efn	Advanced Extremely-Low-Voltage CMOS	0.65–3.6 V	4 ns	12 mA	-12 mA	2018?	3.3 V tolerant inputs. Bus interface circuits only in this family.
74LXCШаблон:Efn	Low-Voltage CMOS	1.1–5.5 V	7 ns	32 mA	-32 mA	2019?	Extended supply voltage range compared to 74LVC. Bus interface circuits only in this family. See also 74LVCE.

Файл:Niveaux logiques CMOS-TTL-LVTTL.png

Comparison of logic levels for various 7400 families

Many parts in the CMOS HC, AC, AHC, and VHC families are also offered in "T" versions (HCT, ACT, AHCT and VHCT) which have input thresholds that are compatible with both TTL and 3.3 V CMOS signals. The non-T parts have conventional CMOS input thresholds, which are more restrictive than TTL thresholds. Typically, CMOS input thresholds require high-level signals to be at least 70% of Vcc and low-level signals to be at most 30% of Vcc. (TTL has the input high level above 2.0 V and the input low level below 0.8 V, so a TTL high-level signal could be in the forbidden middle range for 5 V CMOS.)

The 74H family is the same basic design as the 7400 family with resistor values reduced. This reduced the typical propagation delay from 9 ns to 6 ns but increased the power consumption. The 74H family provided a number of unique devices for CPU designs in the 1970s. Many designers of military and aerospace equipment used this family over a long period and as they need exact replacements, this family is still produced by Lansdale Semiconductor.

The 74S family, using Schottky circuitry, uses more power than the 74, but is faster. The 74LS family of ICs is a lower-power version of the 74S family, with slightly higher speed but lower power dissipation than the original 74 family; it became the most popular variant once it was widely available. Many 74LS ICs can be found in microcomputers and digital consumer electronics manufactured in the 1980s and early 1990s.

The 74F family was introduced by Fairchild Semiconductor and adopted by other manufacturers; it is faster than the 74, 74LS and 74S families.

Through the late 1980s and 1990s newer versions of thisШаблон:Which family were introduced to support the lower operating voltages used in newer CPU devices.

Characteristics of selected 7400 series families (VШаблон:Sub = 5 V)

Parameter	74C	74HC	74AC	74HCT	74ACT	Units
VШаблон:Sub (min)	3.5			2.0		V
VШаблон:Sub (min)	4.5	4.9				V
VШаблон:Sub (max)	1.5	1.0	1.5	0.8		V
VШаблон:Sub (max)	0.5	0.1				V
IШаблон:Sub (max)	1					μA
IШаблон:Sub (max)	1					μA
IШаблон:Sub (max)	0.4	4.0	24	4.0	24	mA
IШаблон:Sub (max)	0.4	4.0	24	4.0	24	mA
TШаблон:Sub (max)	50	8	4.7	8	4.7	ns

Part numbering

Файл:74 Series Code.svg

Part numbering

Файл:74HC595.jpg

Surface-mount 74HC595 shift registers on a PCB. This 74HC variant uses CMOS signalling voltage levels while the 74HCT595 variant uses TTL signalling levels.

Файл:74HC595-HD.jpg

Die of a 74HC595 8-bit shift register

Part number schemes varied by manufacturer. The part numbers for 7400-series logic devices often use the following designators:

• Often first, a two or three letter prefix, denoting the manufacturer and flow class of the device. These codes are no longer closely associated with a single manufacturer, for example, Fairchild Semiconductor manufactures parts with MM and DM prefixes, and no prefixes. Examples:
  • SN: Texas Instruments using a commercial processing
  • SNV: Texas Instruments using military processing
  • M: ST Microelectronics
  • DM: National Semiconductor
  • UT: Cobham PLC
  • SG: Sylvania
• Two digits for temperature range. Examples:
  • 54: military temperature range
  • 64: short-lived historical series with intermediate "industrial" temperature range
  • 74: commercial temperature range device
• Zero to four letters denoting the logic subfamily. Examples:
  • zero letters: basic bipolar TTL
  • LS: low speed Schottky
  • HCT: High-speed CMOS compatible with TTL
• Two or more arbitrarily assigned digits that identify the function of the device. There are hundreds of different devices in each family.
• Additional suffix letters and numbers may be appended to denote the package type, quality grade, or other information, but this varies widely by manufacturer.

For example, "SN5400N" signifies that the part is a 7400-series IC probably manufactured by Texas Instruments ("SN" originally meaning "Semiconductor Network") using commercial processing, is of the military temperature rating ("54"), and is of the TTL family (absence of a family designator), its function being the quad 2-input NAND gate ("00") implemented in a plastic through-hole DIP package ("N").

Many logic families maintain a consistent use of the device numbers as an aid to designers. Often a part from a different 74x00 subfamily could be substituted ("drop-in replacement") in a circuit, with the same function and pin-out yet more appropriate characteristics for an application (perhaps speed or power consumption), which was a large part of the appeal of the 74C00 series over the competing CD4000B series, for example. But there are a few exceptions where incompatibilities (mainly in pin-out) across the subfamilies occurred, such as:

• some flat-pack devices (e.g. 7400W) and surface-mount devices,
• some of the faster CMOS series (for example 74AC),
• a few low-power TTL devices (e.g. 74L86, 74L9 and 74L95) have a different pin-out than the regular (or even 74LS) series part.
• five versions of the 74x54 (4-wide AND-OR-INVERT gates IC), namely 7454(N), 7454W, 74H54, 74L54W and 74L54N/74LS54, are different from each other in pin-out and/or function,

Second sources from Europe and Eastern Bloc

Файл:K131la3.jpg

Soviet K131LA3, equivalent to 74H00

Файл:Electronic component ttl.jpg

Czechoslovak MH74S00, Texas Instruments SN74S251N, East German DL004D (74LS04), Soviet K155LA13 (7438)

Файл:CDB493E.jpg

Romanian CDB493E, equivalent to SN7493

Some manufacturers, such as Mullard and Siemens, had pin-compatible TTL parts, but with a completely different numbering scheme; however, data sheets identified the 7400-compatible number as an aid to recognition.

At the time the 7400 series was being made, some European manufacturers (that traditionally followed the Pro Electron naming convention), such as Philips/Mullard, produced a series of TTL integrated circuits with part names beginning with FJ. Some examples of FJ series are:

• FJH101 (=7430) single 8-input NAND gate,
• FJH131 (=7400) quadruple 2-input NAND gate,
• FJH181 (=7454N or J) 2+2+2+2 input AND-OR-NOT gate.

The Soviet Union started manufacturing TTL ICs with 7400-series pinout in the late 1960s and early 1970s, such as the K155ЛA3, which was pin-compatible with the 7400 part available in the United States, except for using a metric spacing of 2.5 mm between pins instead of the Шаблон:Convert pin-to-pin spacing used in the west. Another peculiarity of the Soviet-made 7400 series was the packaging material used in the 1970s–1980s. Instead of the ubiquitous black resin, they had a brownish-green body colour with subtle swirl marks created during the moulding process. It was jokingly referred to in the Eastern Bloc electronics industry as the "elephant-dung packaging", due to its appearance.Шаблон:Citation needed

The Soviet integrated circuit designation is different from the Western series:

• the technology modifications were considered different series and were identified by different numbered prefixes – К155 series is equivalent to plain 74, К555 series is 74LS, К1533 is 74ALS, etc.;
• the function of the unit is described with a two-letter code followed by a number:
  • the first letter represents the functional group – logical, triggers, counters, multiplexers, etc.;
  • the second letter shows the functional subgroup, making the distinction between logical NAND and NOR, D- and JK-triggers, decimal and binary counters, etc.;
  • the number distinguishes variants with different number of inputs or different number of elements within a die – ЛА1/ЛА2/ЛА3 (LA1/LA2/LA3) are 2 four-input / 1 eight-input / 4 two-input NAND elements respectively (equivalent to 7420/7430/7400).

Before July 1974 the two letters from the functional description were inserted after the first digit of the series. Examples: К1ЛБ551 and К155ЛА1 (7420), К1ТМ552 and К155ТМ2 (7474) are the same ICs made at different times.

Clones of the 7400 series were also made in other Eastern Bloc countries:

• Bulgaria (Mikroelektronika Botevgrad) used a designation somewhat similar to that of the Soviet Union, e.g. 1ЛБ00ШМ (1LB00ShM) for a 74LS00. Some of the two-letter functional groups were borrowed from the Soviet designation, while others differed. Unlike the Soviet scheme, the two or three digit number after the functional group matched the western counterpart. The series followed at the end (i.e. ШМ for LS). Only the LS series is known to have been manufactured in Bulgaria.Шаблон:Rp
• Czechoslovakia (TESLA) used the 7400 numbering scheme with manufacturer prefix MH. Example: MH7400. Tesla also produced industrial grade (8400, −25 ° to 85 °C) and military grade (5400, −55 ° to 125 °C) ones.
• Poland (Unitra CEMI) used the 7400 numbering scheme with manufacturer prefixes UCA for the 5400 and 6400 series, as well as UCY for the 7400 series. Examples: UCA6400, UCY7400. Note that ICs with the prefix MCY74 correspond to the 4000 series (e.g. MCY74002 corresponds to 4002 and not to 7402).
• Hungary (Tungsram, later Mikroelektronikai Vállalat / MEV) also used the 7400 numbering scheme, but with manufacturer suffix – 7400 is marked as 7400APC.
• Romania (I.P.R.S.) used a trimmed 7400 numbering with the manufacturer prefix CDB (example: CDB4123E corresponds to 74123) for the 74 and 74H series, where the suffix H indicated the 74H series. For the later 74LS series, the standard numbering was used.
• East Germany (HFO) also used trimmed 7400 numbering without manufacturer prefix or suffix. The prefix D (or E) designates digital IC, and not the manufacturer. Example: D174 is 7474. 74LS clones were designated by the prefix DL; e.g. DL000 = 74LS00. In later years East German made clones were also available with standard 74* numbers, usually for export.

A number of different technologies were available from the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, Poland, and East Germany. The 8400 series in the table below indicates an industrial temperature range from −25 °C to +85 °C (as opposed to −40 °C to +85 °C for the 6400 series).

Prefixes of Eastern European series

	Soviet Union		Czechoslovakia			Poland			East Germany
	5400	7400	5400	7400	8400	5400	6400	7400	6400	7400	8400
74	133	К155	MH54	MH74	MH84	UCA54	UCA64	UCY74		D1	E1
74L	134,Шаблон:Efn 136	КР134, К158
74H	130	К131					UCA64H	UCY74H		D2	E2
74S	530	КР531	MH54S	MH74S	MH84S			UCY74S		DS
74LS	533	К555						UCY74LS		DL...D	DL...DG
74AS	1530	КР1530
74ALS	1533	КР1533	MH54ALS	MH74ALS
74F	1531	КР1531
74HC	1564	КР1564
74HCT	5564								U74HCT...DK
74AC	1554	КР1554
74ACT	1594	КР1594
74LVC	5574
74VHC	5584

Around 1990 the production of standard logic ceased in all Eastern European countries except the Soviet Union and later Russia and Belarus. As of 2016, the series 133, К155, 1533, КР1533, 1554, 1594, and 5584 were in production at "Integral" in Belarus, as well as the series 130 and 530 at "NZPP-KBR", 134 and 5574 at "VZPP", 533 at "Svetlana", 1564, К1564, КР1564 at "NZPP", 1564, К1564 at "Voshod", 1564 at "Exiton", and 133, 530, 533, 1533 at "Mikron" in Russia. The Russian company Angstrem manufactures 54HC circuits as the 5514БЦ1 series, 54AC as the 5514БЦ2 series, and 54LVC as the 5524БЦ2 series.

See also

Файл:YUNTEN.gif

A 4-bit, 2 register, six-instruction computer made entirely of 74-series chips on a solderless breadboard

• List of 7400-series integrated circuits
• 4000-series integrated circuits
• List of 4000-series integrated circuits
• Push–pull output
• Open-collector/drain output
• Three-state output
• Schmitt trigger input
• Logic gate
• Logic family
• Programmable logic device
• Pin compatibility

Further reading

Books

• 50 Circuits Using 7400 Series IC's; 1st Ed; R.N. Soar; Bernard Babani Publishing; 76 pages; 1979; Шаблон:ISBN. (archive)
• TTL Cookbook; 1st Ed; Don Lancaster; Sams Publishing; 412 pages; 1974; Шаблон:ISBN. (archive)
• Designing with TTL Integrated Circuits; 1st Ed; Robert Morris, John Miller; Texas Instruments and McGraw-Hill; 322 pages; 1971; Шаблон:ISBN. (archive)

App Notes

• Understanding and Interpreting Standard-Logic Data Sheets; Stephen Nolan, Jose Soltero, Shreyas Rao; Texas Instruments; 60 pages; 2016.
• Comparison of 74HC / 74S / 74LS / 74ALS Logic; Fairchild; 6 pages, 1983.
• Interfacing to 74HC Logic; Fairchild; 10 pages; 1998.
• 74AHC / 74AHCT Designer's Guide; TI; 53pages; 1998. Compares 74HC / 74AHC / 74AC (CMOS I/O) and 74HCT / 74AHCT / 74ACT (TTL I/O).

Fairchild Semiconductor / ON Semiconductor

• Historical Data Books: TTL (1978, 752 pages), FAST (1981, 349 pages)
• Logic Selection Guide (2008, 12 pages)

Nexperia / NXP Semiconductor

• Logic Selection Guide (2020, 234 pages)
• Logic Application Handbook Design Engineer's Guide' (2021, 157 pages)
• Logic Translators' (2021, 62 pages)

Texas Instruments / National Semiconductor

• Historical Catalog: (1967, 375 pages)
• Historical Databooks: TTL Vol1 (1984, 339 pages), TTL Vol2 (1985, 1402 pages), TTL Vol3 (1984, 793 pages), TTL Vol4 (1986, 445 pages)
• Digital Logic Pocket Data Book (2007, 794 pages), Logic Reference Guide (2004, 8 pages), Logic Selection Guide (1998, 215 pages)
• Little Logic Guide (2018, 25 pages), Little Logic Selection Guide (2004, 24 pages)

Toshiba

• General-Purpose Logic ICs (2012, 55 pages)

External links

• Understanding 7400-series digital logic ICs - Nuts and Volts magazine
• Thorough list of 7400-series ICs - Electronics Club