Английская Википедия:Ab urbe condita

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Файл:Antoninianus-Pacatianus-1001-RIC 0006cf.jpg

Antoninianus of Pacatian, usurper of Roman emperor Philip in 248. It reads ROMAE AETER[NAE] AN[NO] MIL[LESIMO] ET PRIMO, 'To eternal Rome, in its one thousand and first year.'

Файл:Anno ab urbe condita (medieval).png

Anno ab urbe condita, rubricated and with a decorated initial, from the medieval Chronicle of Saint Pantaleon

Ab urbe condita (Шаблон:IPA-la; 'from the founding of the City'), or Шаблон:Lang (Шаблон:IPA-la; 'in the year since the city's founding'), abbreviated as AUC or AVC, expresses a date in years since 753 BC, the traditional founding of Rome. It is an expression used in antiquity and by classical historians to refer to a given year in Ancient Rome. In reference to the traditional year of the foundation of Rome, the year 1 BC would be written AUC 753, whereas AD 1 would be AUC 754. The foundation of the Roman Empire in 27 BC would be AUC 727. The current year AD 2024 would be AUC Шаблон:Sum.

Usage of the term was more common during the Renaissance, when editors sometimes added AUC to Roman manuscripts they published, giving the false impression that the convention was commonly used in antiquity. In reality, the dominant method of identifying years in Roman times was to name the two consuls who held office that year. In late antiquity, regnal years were also in use, as in Roman Egypt during the Diocletian era after AD 293, and in the Byzantine Empire from AD 537, following a decree by Justinian.

Significance

Prior to the Roman state's adoption of the Varronian chronology – created by Titus Pomponius Atticus and Marcus Terentius Varro – there were many different dates posited for when the city was founded. This state of confusion required, for one to use an AUC date, one to pick a date as canonical. The Varronian chronology, constructed from fragmentary sources and demonstrably about four years off of absolute events Шаблон:Circa, placed the founding of the city on 21 April 753 BC. This date, likely arrived at by mechanical calculation but accepted by the Augustan-era Шаблон:Lang, has become the traditional date.

From the time of Claudius (Шаблон:Reigned) onward, this calculation superseded other contemporary calculations. Celebrating the anniversary of the city became part of imperial propaganda. Claudius was the first to hold magnificent celebrations in honor of the anniversary of the city, in AD 47, the eight hundredth year from the founding of the city. Hadrian, in AD 121, and Antoninus Pius, in AD 147 and AD 148, held similar celebrations respectively.

In AD 248, Philip the Arab celebrated Rome's first millennium, together with Ludi saeculares for Rome's alleged tenth saeculum. Coins from his reign commemorate the celebrations. A coin by a contender for the imperial throne, Pacatianus, explicitly states "[y]ear one thousand and first," which is an indication that the citizens of the empire had a sense of the beginning of a new era, a Sæculum Novum.

Calendar era

Шаблон:See The Anno Domini (AD) year numbering was developed by a monk named Dionysius Exiguus in Rome in Шаблон:Auc, as a result of his work on calculating the date of Easter. Dionysius did not use the AUC convention, but instead based his calculations on the Diocletian era. This convention had been in use since AD 293, the year of the tetrarchy, as it became impractical to use regnal years of the current emperor. In his Easter table, the year Шаблон:Auc was equated with the 248th regnal year of Diocletian. The table counted the years starting from the presumed birth of Christ, rather than the accession of the emperor Diocletian on 20 November AD 284 or, as stated by Dionysius: "sed magis elegimus ab incarnatione Domini nostri Jesu Christi annorum tempora praenotare" ("but rather we choose to name the times of the years from the incarnation of our Lord Jesus Christ"). Blackburn and Holford-Strevens review interpretations of Dionysius which place the Incarnation in 2 BC, 1 BC, or AD 1.

The year AD 1 corresponds to AUC 754, based on the epoch of Varro. Thus:

AUC	Year	Event
1	753 BC	Foundation of the Kingdom of Rome
244	510 BC	Overthrow of the Roman monarchy
259	495 BC	Death in exile of King Lucius Tarquinius Superbus
490	264 BC	Punic Wars
709	45 BC	First year of the Julian calendar
710	44 BC	The assassination of Julius Caesar
727	27 BC	Augustus became the first Roman emperor, starting the Principate
753	1 BC	Astronomical Year 0
754	AD 1	Approximate birth date of Jesus, approximated by Dionysius Exiguus in AD 525 (AUC 1278)
1000	AD 247	1,000th Anniversary of the City of Rome
1037	AD 284	Diocletian became Roman emperor, starting the Dominate
1229	AD 476	Fall of the Western Roman Empire to the armies of Odoacer
1246	AD 493	Establishment of the Ostrogothic Kingdom
1306	AD 553	Italy under Eastern Roman control
1507	AD 754	Foundation of the Papal States
1553	AD 800	Creation of the Holy Roman Empire
1824	AD 1071	Defeat of the Eastern Romans at the Battle of Manzikert
1957	AD 1204	Sack of Constantinople by the Crusaders
2000	AD 1247	2,000th Anniversary of the City of Rome
2206	AD 1453	Fall of the Eastern Roman Empire
2336	AD 1582	First year of the Gregorian calendar
2559	AD 1806	Abolition of the Holy Roman Empire
	AD Шаблон:LASTYEAR	Last year
2777	AD 2024	Current year
	AD Шаблон:NEXTYEAR	Next year

See also

• Calendar era
• History of Italy
• List of Latin phrases
• Roman calendar

External links

• Шаблон:Wiktionary inline