Английская Википедия:Ait Seghrouchen Berber
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Infobox language
Ait Seghrouchen Berber, or Seghroucheni (Seghrusheni), is a Zenati Berber language of the Eastern Middle Atlas Berber cluster. It is spoken by the Ait Seghrouchen tribe inhabiting east-central Morocco.
Classification
Ait Seghrouchen Berber is commonly classed as Central Atlas Tamazight. It is reported to be mutually intelligible with the neighbouring Berber dialect of Ait Ayache.[1] Genetically, however, it belongs to the Zenati subgroup of Northern Berber, rather than to the Atlas subgroup to which the rest of Central Atlas Tamazight belongs,[2] and are therefore excluded by some sources from Central Atlas Tamazight.[3]
Ait Seghrouchen is part of the Eastern Middle Atlas Berber cluster of Zenati dialects, which is spoken in the eastern Middle Atlas.
Phonology
Consonants
Ayt Seghrouchen is notable for having the lateral fricative Шаблон:IPA as an allophone of the sequence Шаблон:IPA.[4] /k, g/ are pronounced as stops, unlike the closely related Ayt Ayache dialect in which they are fricatives.[5]
In the table below, when consonants appear in pairs, the one on the left is voiceless.
Vowels
Ait Seghrouchen Berber has a typical phonemic three-vowel system, similarly to Classical Arabic:
| Front | Back | |
|---|---|---|
| Close | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link |
| Open | Шаблон:IPA link | |
These phonemes have numerous allophones, conditioned by the following environments:
(# denotes word boundary, X denotes C[−flat −Шаблон:IPA −Шаблон:IPA], C̣ denotes C[+flat], G denotes C, Шаблон:IPA, and Шаблон:IPA)
| Phoneme | Realization | Environment | Example | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | #_X | Шаблон:IPA | 'to exist' |
| Шаблон:IPA | #_Xː / Xː_ | Шаблон:IPA | 'he went' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | _G / G_ | Шаблон:IPA | 'to burst out' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | X_# | Шаблон:IPA | 'he made me happy' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | #_X / X(ː)_X | Шаблон:IPA | 'I painted' |
| Шаблон:IPA | _G / G_ | Шаблон:IPA | 'he turned' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | X(ː)_# | Шаблон:IPA | 'to begin' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA_ / Шаблон:IPA_ | Шаблон:IPA | 'he goes' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | #_X(ː) / X(ː)_X | Шаблон:IPA | 'to send' |
| Шаблон:IPA | X(ː)_# | Шаблон:IPA | 'here' | |
| Шаблон:IPA | _C̣ / C̣_ | Шаблон:IPA | 'to be present' |
Phonetic Schwa
There is a predictable non-phonemic vowel inserted into consonant clusters, realized as Шаблон:IPAblink before front consonants (e.g. Шаблон:IPA) and Шаблон:IPAblink before back consonants (e.g. Шаблон:IPA.[8] These are some of the rules governing the occurrence of Шаблон:IPA:
(# denotes word boundary, L denotes Шаблон:IPA, H denotes Шаблон:IPA)
| Environment | Realization | Example | Pronunciation | Gloss |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| #C(ː)# | əC(ː) | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to be, to do' |
| #LC# | əLC or LəC | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to spend the night' |
| #CC# | CəC | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to laugh' |
| #CːC# | əCːəC | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to hide' |
| #CCC# | CCəC / C1C2 are not {L H} | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to work' |
| Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to get mad' | ||
| #CCC# | əCCəC or #CəCəC# / {C1 C3} is {L H} | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to demolish' |
| #CCC# | CəCəC / C2C3 = {L H} | Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA | 'to guarantee' |
Stress
Word stress is non-contrastive and predictable — it falls on the last vowel in a word (including schwa).[10]
References
Bibliography
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite journal
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite book
- Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Edmond Destaing, "Essai de classification des dialectes berbères du Maroc", Etudes et Documents Berbère, 19-20, 2001-2002 (1915)
- ↑ Augustin Bernard and Paul Moussard, Arabophones et berbérophones au Maroc, Annales de Géographie 1924, Volume 33 Numéro 183, pp. 267-282.
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
- ↑ Шаблон:Harvcoltxt
