Английская Википедия:Asclepiadoideae
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Automatic taxobox The Asclepiadoideae are a subfamily of plants in the family Apocynaceae. Formerly, they were treated as a separate family under the name Asclepiadaceae, e.g. by APG II, and known as the milkweed family.[1][2]
They form a group of perennial herbs, twining shrubs, lianas or rarely trees but notably also contain a significant number of leafless stem succulents. The name comes from the type genus Asclepias (milkweeds).
There are 348 genera, with about 2,900 species. They are mainly located in the tropics to subtropics,[3] especially in Africa and South America.
The florally advanced tribe Stapelieae within this family contains the relatively familiar stem succulent genera such as Huernia, Stapelia and Hoodia. They are remarkable for the complex mechanisms they have developed for pollination, which independently parallel the unrelated Orchidaceae, especially in the grouping of their pollen into pollinia. The fragrance from the flowers, often called "carrion", attracts flies. The flies pollinate the flowers.
Many new hybrids have been formed due to the unique fertilization method of the flowers.
Taxonomy
Gilbert Thomas Burnett in 1835 is considered to be the first botanist to recognize a primary division of the family Apocynaceae using the name Asclepiadeae,[4] an ending now used for tribes rather than subfamilies. In 2014, Endress, Liede-Schumann and Meve recognised five tribes within the subfamily.[5] A molecular phylogenetic study in 2019 confirmed the distinctness of the five tribes, which were related as shown in the following cladogram:[6]
Tribes and genera
The assignment of genera to tribes is based on Endress, Liede-Schumann and Meve (2014),[5] with synonyms from Plants of the World Online Шаблон:As of.
Asclepiadeae
- Araujia Brot.
- Asclepias L., including Aidomene Stopp, Odontostelma Rendle, Trachycalymma (K.Schum.)
- Aspidoglossum E.Mey.
- Aspidonepsis Nicholas
- Astephanus R.Br.
- Barjonia Decne.
- Blepharodon Decne.
- Calciphila Liede
- Calotropis R.Br.
- Cordylogyne E.Mey.
- Cynanchum L., including Adelostemma Hook.f., Glossonema Decne., Metaplexis R.Br., Pentarrhinum E.Mey., Seshagiria Ansari, Sichuania M.G.Gilbert
- Diplolepis R.Br.
- Ditassa R.Br.
- Fanninia Harv.
- Fischeria DC.
- Funastrum E.Fourn.
- Glossostelma Schltr.
- Gomphocarpus R.Br.
- Gonolobus Michx.
- Graphistemma (Champ.
- Gyrostelma E.Fourn.
- Hemipogon Decne.
- Holostemma R.Br.
- Hypolobus E.Fourn.
- Ibatia Decne.
- Jobinia E.Fourn.
- Kanahia R.Br.
- Lachnostoma Kunth
- Macroscepis Kunth
- Mahawoa Schltr.
- Margaretta Oliv.
- Matelea Aubl.
- Metastelma R.Br.
- Microloma R.Br.
- Minaria T.U.P.Konno
- Miraglossum Kupicha
- Monsanima Liede
- Morrenia Lindl.
- Nautonia Decne.
- Nephradenia Decne.
- Odontanthera Wight
- Oncinema Arn.
- Orthosia Decne.
- Oxypetalum R.Br.
- Oxystelma R.Br.
- Pachycarpus E.Mey.
- Parapodium E.Mey.
- Pentacyphus Schltr., including Tetraphysa Schltr.
- Pentastelma Tsiang
- Pentatropis R.Br.
- Peplonia Decne.
- Pergularia L.
- Petalostelma E.Fourn.
- Phaeostemma E.Fourn.
- Pherotrichis Decne.
- Philibertia Kunth, including Mitostigma Decne.
- Pseudolachnostoma Morillo
- Raphistemma Wall.
- Rhyssostelma Decne.
- Rhytidostemma Morillo
- Rojasia Malme
- Schizoglossum E.Mey.
- Schizostephanus Hochst.
- Schubertia Mart.
- Scyphostelma Baill.
- Solenostemma Hayne
- Stathmostelma K.Schum.
- Stelmagonum Baill.
- Stenostelma Schltr.
- Tassadia Decne., including Stenomeria Turcz.
- Tweedia Hook.
- Tylodontia Griseb.
- Vincetoxicum Wolf, including Merrillanthus Chun, Oncostemma K.Schum., Rhyncharrhena F.Muell.
- Widgrenia Malme
- Woodia Schltr.
- Xysmalobium R.Br.
Ceropegieae
- Anisotoma Fenzl
- Apteranthes J.C.Mikan
- Australluma Plowes
- Baynesia Bruyns
- Boucerosia Wight
- Brachystelma Sims
- Caralluma R.Br.
- Caudanthera Plowes
- Ceropegia L.
- Conomitra Fenzl
- Desmidorchis Ehrenb.
- Duvalia Haw.
- Duvaliandra M.G.Gilbert
- Echidnopsis Hook.f.
- Edithcolea N.E.Br.
- Emplectanthus N.E.Br.
- Heterostemma Wight
- Hoodia Sweet
- Huernia R.Br.
- Larryleachia Plowes
- Lavrania Plowes
- Leptadenia R.Br.
- Monolluma Plowes
- Neoschumannia Schltr.
- Notechidnopsis Lavranos
- Ophionella Bruyns
- Orbea Haw., including Orbeanthus L.C.Leach
- Orthanthera Wight
- Pectinaria Haw.
- Pentasacme Wall.
- Piaranthus R.Br.
- Pseudolithos P.R.O.Bally, including Anomalluma Plowes
- Quaqua N.E.Br.
- Rhytidocaulon P.R.O.Bally
- Richtersveldia Meve
- Riocreuxia Decne.
- Sisyranthus E.Mey.
- Socotrella Bruyns
- Stapelia L.
- Stapelianthus Choux
- Stapeliopsis Pillans
- Tavaresia Welw.
- Tridentea Haw.
- Tromotriche Haw.
- Whitesloanea Chiov.
Eustegieae
- Emicocarpus R.Br.
- Eustegia K.Schum. & Schltr.
Fockeeae
Marsdenieae
- Anatropanthus Schltr.
- Anisopus N.E.Br.
- Asterostemma Decne.
- Campestigma Pierre
- Cionura Griseb.
- Cosmostigma Wight
- Dischidia R.Br.
- Dolichopetalum Tsiang
- Gongronema (Endl.)
- Gunnessia P.I.Forst.
- Gymnema R.Br.
- Heynella Backer
- Hoya R.Br., including Cathetostemma Blume, Clemensiella Schltr.
- Jasminanthes Blume
- Lygisma Hook.f.
- Marsdenia R.Br.
- Oreosparte Schltr.
- Pycnorhachis Benth.
- Rhyssolobium E.Mey.
- Sarcolobus R.Br., including Quisumbingia Merr.
- Stephanotis Thouars, including Dregea E.Mey., Wattakaka Hassk.
- Stigmatorhynchus Schltr.
- Telosma Coville
- Treutlera Hook.f.
Other genera
These genera are not accepted within Asclepiadoideae by Endress et al. (2014),[5] but are accepted by Plants of the World Online. Tribal placements below are from GRIN-Global, where given. Шаблон:Div col
- Dalzielia Turrill – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)[7]
- Decanema Decne. – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Cynanchum)[8]
- Dischidanthus Tsiang – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)[9]
- Gymnemopsis Costantin – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)[10]
- Kerbera E.Fourn. – Asclepiadeae[11]
- Leichhardtia R.Br.
- Manothrix Miers
- Periglossum Decne. – Asclepiadeae[12]
- Polystemma Decne., including Microdactylon[13] – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Matelea)[14]
- Ptycanthera Decne. – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Matelea)[15]
- Ruehssia H.Karst. ex Schltdl. – Marsdenieae (possible synonym of Marsdenia)[16]
- Schistonema Schltr. – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Tweedia)[17]
- Vailia Rusby – Asclepiadeae (possible synonym of Blepharodon)[18]
References
External links
- Stapeliads.info
- Field Manual for Seed Collectors,Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
- Asclepiad info from ig-ascleps.org
- Asclepiadaceae Family
- The Genera of Asclepiadoideae, Secamonoideae and Periplocoideae (Apocynaceae)
- Asclepiadaceae in BoDD – Botanical Dermatology Database
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite book
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
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- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ 5,0 5,1 5,2 Шаблон:Cite journal
- ↑ Шаблон:Citation
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite POWO
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
