Английская Википедия:Boston Water and Sewer Commission
Шаблон:More footnotes The Boston Water and Sewer Commission (BWSC) serves retail customers with water services in Boston, Massachusetts. It purchases water wholesale from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA).
The largest retail water and wastewater utility in New England, BWSC owns and operates the drinking water distribution, wastewater collection and stormwater drainage systems; which utilise Шаблон:Convert of water main and Шаблон:Convert of sewer pipe and storm drain. It was created in 1977 taking control of the city operated sewer system and the state operated treatment facilities. [1]
The basic Boston water distribution system opened in 1848, and the wastewater collection system in 1883. In a response to the dangers posed to Boston by severely deteriorated water distribution and wastewater collection systems, BWSC was created in 1977 by an act of the Massachusetts legislature as a public instrument, a corporate separate and apart from the City of Boston. The Enabling Act empowered the BWSC to independently set rates and charges for the water distribution and wastewater collection services it provides and entrusted BWSC to improve and maintain the integrity of its systems.
BWSC purchases water from the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority (MWRA), a wholesale supplier of water and wastewater services. MWRA collect water in the Quabbin Reservoir, connected by a Шаблон:Convert tunnel to Boston, and enters BWSC distribution system at 27 metered sites. When full, the Quabbin Reservoir holds Шаблон:Convert, making it one of the largest man-made public water supplies in the country.
In the 40 years since its creation, BWSC has relaid or relined over Шаблон:Convert of aging, and claims to have reduced the amount of water being lost through system leaks by Шаблон:Convert per day. It has also, in conjunction with the MWRA, eliminated Шаблон:Convert of combined sewer overflows to Boston Harbor. In 2003, BWSC installed an automated reading device on every meter, that allows it to track daily consumption.
The BWSC is home to the largest solar array in the City of Boston. In June 2007, the City of Boston became one of thirteen inaugural Solar America Cities under the Solar American Initiative led by the U.S. Department of Energy and launched Solar Boston, a half-million-dollar program to encourage the widespread adoption of solar energy in Boston. Through Solar Boston, the City will:
(a) Develop a strategy for the installation of solar technology throughout Boston including mapping feasible locations, preparing a project-labor agreement, and planning the citywide bulk purchase, financing, and installation of solar technology, (b) Work with local organizations to maximize Boston 's participation in state incentive programs and innovative financing initiatives (c) Create a successor non-profit organization to implement the long-term goals of the partnership, (d) Solar Boston partners include the U.S. Department of Energy, the Massachusetts Technology Collaborative, local utilities and unions, an anonymous foundation, and a broad range of local, regional, and national clean energy stakeholders including the US Department of Energy.[2]
2015 Water and sewer rates
| Consumption
(Cu ft/day) |
Water rate Per 1000 |
Water Rate Per 1000 |
Sewer rate Per 1000 |
Sewer Rate Per 1000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| First 19 | 49.00 | 6.550 | 63.43 | 8.480 |
| Next 20 | 51.29 | 6.856 | 65.38 | 8.741 |
| Next 50 | 53.41 | 7.140 | 66.70 | 8.917 |
| Next 260 | 56.79 | 7.592 | 70.37 | 9.408 |
| Next 950 | 59.25 | 7.921 | 74.26 | 9.928 |
| Over 1,299 | 61.33 | 8.199 | 76.82 | 10.270 |
- Table of rates effective January 1, 2015[3]
The typical customer pays just over a penny per gallon: 'The average one family customer using Шаблон:Convert per day ("GPD”) in 2015 will be charged $84.30 per 31-day month or $992.56 annually. A multi-unit residence using 600 GPD will be charged $291.20 per 31-day month or approximately $3,428.64 annually. A small commercial property using 4,000 GPD will be charged $2,119.45 per 31-day month or approximately $24,954.81 annually.'[3]
References
External links
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Шаблон:Cite web
- Historic American Engineering Record documentation, all filed under Boston, Suffolk County, MA
- ↑ Ian Douglas Cities: An Environmental History. I.B.Tauris, Sep 26, 2013 pg. 150
- ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
- ↑ 3,0 3,1 Шаблон:Cite web
- Английская Википедия
- Companies based in Boston
- Water companies of the United States
- Water supply and sanitation in Massachusetts
- 1977 establishments in Massachusetts
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