Английская Википедия:Classical Armenian

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Classical Armenian (Шаблон:Lang-hy, Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA; meaning "literary [language]"; also Old Armenian or Liturgical Armenian) is the oldest attested form of the Armenian language. It was first written down at the beginning of the 5th century, and all Armenian literature from then through the 18th century is in Classical Armenian. Many ancient manuscripts originally written in Ancient Greek, Hebrew, Syriac and Latin survive only in Armenian translation.

Classical Armenian continues to be the liturgical language of the Armenian Apostolic Church and the Armenian Catholic Church and is often learned by Biblical, Intertestamental, and Patristic scholars dedicated to textual studies. Classical Armenian is also important for the reconstruction of the Proto-Indo-European language.

Phonology

Файл:Epitafium Minasowiczów kościół św. Jacka w Warszawie.JPG

Epitaph in Classical Armenian for Jakub and Marianna Minasowicz at St. Hyacinth's Church in Warsaw

Vowels

There are seven monophthongs:

• Шаблон:IPA (ա), Шаблон:IPA (ի), Шаблон:IPA (ը), Шаблон:IPA or open e (ե), Шаблон:IPA or closed e (է), Шаблон:IPA (ո), and Шаблон:IPA (ու) (transcribed as a, i, ə, e, ē, o, and u respectively). The vowel transcribed u is spelled using the Armenian letters for ow (ու) but it is not actually a diphthong.

There are also traditionally six diphthongs:

• ay (այ), aw (աւ, later օ), ea (եա), ew (եւ), iw (իւ), oy (ոյ).

Consonants

In the following table is the Classical Armenian consonantal system. The stops and affricate consonants have, in addition to the more common voiced and unvoiced series, also a separate aspirated series, transcribed with the notation used for Ancient Greek rough breathing after the letter: p῾, t῾, c῾, č῾, k῾. Each phoneme has two symbols in the table. The left indicates the pronunciation in International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA); the right one is the corresponding symbol in the Armenian alphabet.

		Labial	Alveolar		Palatal	Velar / Uvular	Glottal
			Шаблон:Small	Шаблон:Small
Nasals		Шаблон:IPA   մ	Шаблон:IPA   ն
Stops	voiced	Шаблон:IPA   բ	Шаблон:IPA   դ			Шаблон:IPA   գ
	unvoiced	Шаблон:IPA   պ	Шаблон:IPA   տ			Шаблон:IPA   կ
	aspirated	Шаблон:IPA   փ	Шаблон:IPA   թ			Шаблон:IPA   ք
Affricates	voiced		Шаблон:IPA   ձ		Шаблон:IPA   ջ
	unvoiced		Шаблон:IPA   ծ		Шаблон:IPA   ճ
	aspirated		Шаблон:IPA   ց		Шаблон:IPA   չ
Fricatives	voiced	Шаблон:IPA   վ	Шаблон:IPA   զ		Шаблон:IPA   ժ
	unvoiced	Шаблон:IPA   ֆ  Шаблон:Efn	Шаблон:IPA   ս		Шаблон:IPA   շ	Шаблон:IPA   խ	Шаблон:IPA   հ
Approximants	lateral		Шаблон:IPA   լ	Шаблон:IPA   ղ
	central		Шаблон:IPA   ր		Шаблон:IPA   յ
Trill			Шаблон:IPA   ռ

See also

• List of Armenian writers
• Proto-Armenian language
• Armenian alphabet

Sources

• Adjarian, Hrachia. (1971–9) Etymological Root Dictionary of the Armenian Language. Vol. I – IV. Yerevan: Yerevan State University.
• Meillet, Antoine. (1903) Esquisse d'une grammaire comparée de l'arménien classique.
• Thomson, Robert W. (1989) An Introduction to Classical Armenian. Caravan Books. (Шаблон:ISBN)
• Godel, Robert. (1975) An Introduction to the Study of Classical Armenian. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag (Шаблон:ISBN)

External links

• Classical Armenian Online by Todd B. Krause and Jonathan Slocum, free online lessons at the Linguistics Research Center at the University of Texas at Austin
• New Dictionary of the Armenian Language (Nor Bargirk Haekazian Lezvi, Նոր Բառգիրք Հայկազեան Լեզուի), Venice 1836–1837. The seminal dictionary of Classical Armenian. Includes Armenian to Latin, and Armenian to Greek.
• Pocket Dictionary of the Armenian Language (Arrdzern Barraran Haekazian Lezvi, Առձեռն Բառարան Հայկազնեան Լեզուի), Venice 1865 (second edition).
• New Dictionary Armenian-English (Նոր Բառգիրք Հայ-Անգլիարէն), Venice, 1875-9.
• Grabar Dictionary (Գրաբարի Բառարան), Ruben Ghazarian, Yerevan, 2000.
• Grabar Thesaurus (Գրաբարի Հոմանիշների Բառարան), Ruben Ghazarian, Yerevan, 2006.
• A grammar, Armenian and English by Paschal Aucher and Lord Byron. Venice 1873
• Brief introduction to Classical Armenian also known as Grabar
• glottothèque – Ancient Indo-European Grammars online, an online collection of introductory videos to Ancient Indo-European languages produced by the University of Göttingen