Английская Википедия:Comparison of file transfer protocols
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:For multi Шаблон:Use dmy dates
This article lists communication protocols that are designed for file transfer over a telecommunications network.
Protocols for shared file systems—such as 9P and the Network File System—are beyond the scope of this article, as are file synchronization protocols.
Protocols for packet-switched networks
A packet-switched network transmits data that is divided into units called packets. A packet comprises a header (which describes the packet) and a payload (the data). The Internet is a packet-switched network, and most of the protocols in this list are designed for its protocol stack, the IP protocol suite.
They use one of two transport layer protocols: the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) or the User Datagram Protocol (UDP). In the tables below, the "Transport" column indicates which protocol(s) the transfer protocol uses at the transport layer. Some protocols designed to transmit data over UDP also use a TCP port for oversight.
The "Server port" column indicates the port from which the server transmits data. In the case of FTP, this port differs from the listening port. Some protocols—including FTP, FTP Secure, FASP, and Tsunami—listen on a "control port" or "command port", at which they receive commands from the client.
Similarly, the encryption scheme indicated in the "Encryption" column applies to transmitted data only, and not to the authentication system.
Overview
Features
The "Managed" column indicates whether the protocol is designed for managed file transfer (MFT). MFT protocols prioritise secure transmission in industrial applications that require such features as auditable transaction records, monitoring, and end-to-end data security. Such protocols may be preferred for electronic data interchange.[37]
Ports
In the table below, the data port is the network port or range of ports through which the protocol transmits file data. The control port is the port used for the dialogue of commands and status updates between client and server.
The column "Assigned by IANA" indicates whether the port is listed in the Service Name and Transport Protocol Port Number Registry, which is curated by the Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA). IANA devotes each port number in the registry to a specific service with a specific transport protocol. The table below lists the transport protocol in the "Transport" column.
Serial protocols
The following protocols were designed for serial communication, mostly for the RS-232 standard. They are used for uploading and downloading computer files via modem or serial cable (e.g., by null modem or direct cable connection). UUCP is one protocol that can operate with either RS-232 or the Transmission Control Protocol as its transport. The Kermit protocol can operate over any computer-to-computer transport: direct serial, modem, or network (notably TCP/IP, including on connections secured by SSL, SSH, or Kerberos). OBject EXchange is a protocol for binary object wireless transfer via the Bluetooth standard. Bluetooth was conceived as a wireless replacement for RS-232.
Overview
Protocol | Author | First released | License | Description | Шаблон:Abbr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BiModem | Erik Labs | 1989 | Bi-directional transfers. | ||
BLAST | Communications Research Group | 1981 | Powerful protocol originating on the Data General Nova minicomputer, and then ported to micros and mainframes. | [94] | |
C-MODEM | Lavio Pareschi | 1989 | Packet lengths from 32 to 4096 bytes, optional (but normally used) streaming mode. | ||
B protocol | CompuServe | 1981 | Offered file transfer as well as a command stream. | ||
JMODEM | Richard B. Johnson | Шаблон:Dunno | XMODEM derivative with blocks from 512 to 8192 bytes and RLE compression. | ||
HS/Link | Samuel H. Smith | 1991 | |||
Kermit | Frank da Cruz et al. | 1981 | Open Source (BSD) as of 2011 | Transport- and platform-independent transfer of text and binary files across full- or half-duplex connections with conversion of text file formats and character sets. | [95] |
LeechModem | Sam Brown | Шаблон:Dunno | Variations of X and Y that faked failed downloads in order to avoid BBS download quotas. | ||
Lynx | Matthew Thomas | 1989 | Similar to Kermit: 64-byte packets, 2 to 16 packets per window, CRC-32. Little or no support outside the Lynx program itself. | ||
NMODEM | L. B. Neal | 1990 | Essentially XMODEM-CRC with 2048 byte blocks. | ||
OBEX File Transfer Protocol | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | A synchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile. | ||
OBEX Push | Шаблон:Dunno | Шаблон:Dunno | An asynchronous file transfer protocol in the OBject EXchange (OBEX) Bluetooth profile. | [96] | |
Punter | Steve Punter | Шаблон:Dunno | Suite of similar-but-different XMODEM-like protocols for various Commodore machines. | ||
SEAlink | Thom Henderson | 1986 | A MODEM7/XMODEM-compatible protocol with sliding window support developed to avoid propagation delays in satellite transmissions and packet networks. | [97][98][99] | |
SMODEM | Arisoft | Шаблон:Dunno | |||
TMODEM | Mike Bryeans | Шаблон:Dunno | |||
UUCP | Mike Lesk | 1979 | Suite of protocols for copying files between Unix machines, used for many purposes including the distribution of email. Also allows commands to be sent, which led to the first internet worms. The file transfer protocol within UUCP is the "g" protocol. | [100] | |
MODEM7 | Mark M. Zeigler, James K. Mills | 1980 | Slight extension of XMODEM to add filename support and batch transfers. | [101] | |
XMODEM | Ward Christensen | 1977 | Шаблон:Good | Very simple protocol that saw widespread use and provided the pattern for many following protocols. | [102] |
WXMODEM | Peter Boswell | 1986 | Шаблон:Good | Version of XMODEM with sliding windows for higher performance. | [103][104] |
YMODEM | Chuck Forsberg | 1985 | Шаблон:Good | Series of optional expansions on XMODEM for higher performance. | [103] |
ZMax | Mike Bryeans | Шаблон:Sort | Modifications to ZMODEM to allow packets up to 32 kB in length. | ||
ZMODEM | Chuck Forsberg | 1986 | Шаблон:Good | Streaming protocol that forsakes XMODEM compatibility but offers a wide variety of new features and improved performance. Became almost universal on BBS systems in the early 1990s. | [103] |
Features
Protocol | Data block size Шаблон:Small |
Data compression |
Error detection | Transfer resuming |
Bidirectional | Sliding window | Шаблон:Abbr |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BiModem | Шаблон:Yes | ||||||
BLAST | 84 - 1024+ | RLE | CRC | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | [105] |
C-MODEM | 32–4096 | CRC | Шаблон:Yes | ||||
B protocol | 128–2048 | CRC32 / CRC16 / 8-bit checksum | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | |||
JMODEM | 64–8192 | RLE | |||||
HS/Link | CRC32 | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | ||||
Kermit | ≤9024 (negotiated) | RLE (run length encoding, negotiated) | Checksum or CRC16 (negotiated) | Шаблон:Yes (binary files only, negotiated) | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:Optional | [106] |
LeechModem | |||||||
Lynx | RLE | CRC32 | Шаблон:Yes | ||||
NMODEM | 2048 | ||||||
OBject EXchange | |||||||
Punter | |||||||
SEAlink | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes | |||||
SMODEM | Шаблон:Yes | ||||||
Tmodem | Шаблон:No | ||||||
UUCP "g" | ≤4096 | Шаблон:No | Шаблон:No | [107][108] | |||
MODEM7 | 128 | Шаблон:No | Checksum | Шаблон:Partial | |||
XMODEM | 128 | Шаблон:No | Checksum | Шаблон:Partial | |||
WXMODEM | ≤512 | Шаблон:Yes | |||||
YMODEM | 1024 | Шаблон:No | CRC16 | ||||
ZMax | ≤~32,768 | CRC32 | |||||
ZMODEM | 256 / 1024 | Шаблон:No | CRC32 | Шаблон:Yes | Шаблон:Yes |
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
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