Английская Википедия:Curonian language

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Файл:Baltic Tribes c 1200.svg

Distribution of the Baltic tribes, circa 1200 CE (boundaries are approximate)

The Curonian language (Шаблон:Lang-de; Шаблон:Lang-lv; Шаблон:Lang-lt), or Old Curonian, was a Baltic language spoken by the Curonians, a Baltic tribe who inhabited Courland (now western LatviaШаблон:Rp and northwestern Lithuania).

Classification

Curonian was an Indo-European language of the Baltic branch, as proven by Jānis Endzelīns.

Curonian's relation to other Baltic languages is unclear:

• Some scholars consider it to have been an East Baltic language, intermediate between Lithuanian and Latvian.
• Others, like Vytautas Mažiulis, classify it as a West Baltic language that became closer to the Eastern branch due to extensive contact.Шаблон:Rp
• Linguist Eduard Vääri argues that it is possible that Curonians were Baltic Finns.

History

Old Curonian disappeared in the course of the 16th century.

After the dissolution of the Soviet Union, the Baltic states saw a revival of scientific and cultural interest in extinct Baltic languages and tribes, including Yotvingian, Curonian, and Old Prussian.Шаблон:Citation needed

Lexicon

Samogitian words such as Шаблон:Lang (mosquito), Шаблон:Lang (duck), Шаблон:Lang (swallow), Шаблон:Lang (skylark), Шаблон:Lang (rabbit), Шаблон:Lang (stone), Шаблон:Lang (marsh), and Шаблон:Lang (winter wheat) are considered to be of Curonian origin.

Further words show similarities with Old Prussian: Шаблон:Lang and Old Prussian: Шаблон:Lang compared to Шаблон:Lang-lt, Шаблон:Lang-lv, all meaning wheel.Шаблон:R

Corpus

Evidence from other languages

Curonian left substrata in western dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian, namely the Samogitian dialect. No written documents in this language are known, but some ancient Lithuanian texts from western regions show some Curonian influence. According to Lithuanian linguist Zigmas Zinkevičius, long and intense Curonian–Lithuanian bilingualism existed.

Onomastics

There are only few onomastics in the region considered to have been inhabited by the Curonians.Шаблон:Rp

There are attested names of Curonian noblemen such as: Шаблон:Ill, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang, Шаблон:Lang.

Potential text in Curonian

Additionally, the Pater Noster reported by Simon Grunau is speculated to be in Curonian.Шаблон:R

Lord's Prayer after Simon Grunau Шаблон:Lang

See also

• Kursenieki language

Literature

• Ambrassat, August "Die Provinz Ostpreußen", Frankfurt/ Main 1912
• Endzelin, J.: Über die Nationalität und Sprache der Kuren, in Finnisch-Ungarische Forschungen, XII, 1912
• Gaerte, Wilhelm "Urgeschichte Ostpreussens", Königsberg 1929
• Gimbutas, Marija "Die Balten", München-Berlin 1983
• Kurschat, Heinrich A.: Das Buch vom Memelland, Siebert Oldenburg 1968
• Kwauka, Paul, Pietsch, Richard: Kurisches Wörterbuch, Verlag Ulrich Camen Berlin, 1977, Шаблон:ISBN
• Kwauka, Paul: Namen des Memellandes/ Unsere „fremdartigen“ Familiennamen, Archiv AdM, Oldenburg
• Lepa, Gerhard (Hrsg) "Die Schalauer", Tolkemita-Texte Dieburg 1997
• Mortensen, Hans und Gertrud "Die Besiedlung des nordöstlichen Ostpreußens bis zum Beginn des 17. Jahrhunderts", Leipzig 1938
• Mortensen, Hans und Gertrud: Kants väterliche Ahnen und ihre Umwelt, Rede von 1952 in Jahrbuch der Albertus-Universität zu Königsberg / Pr., Holzner- Verlag Kitzingen/ Main 1953 Bd. 3
• Peteraitis, Vilius: Mažoji Lietuva ir Tvanksta (Lithuania Minor and Tvanksta) Vilnius 1992
• Pietsch, Richard (künstlerischer Entwurf und Text): Bildkarte rund um das Kurische Haff, Heimat-Buchdienst Georg Banszerus, Höxter, Herstellung: Neue Stalling, Oldenburg
• Pietsch, Richard: Deutsch-Kurisches Wörterbuch, Verlag Nordostdeutsches Kulturwerk Lüneburg 1991, Шаблон:ISBN
• Pietsch, Richard: Fischerleben auf der Kurischen Nehrung dargestellt in kurischer und deutscher Sprache, Verlag Ulrich Camen Berlin 1982
• Schmid, Wolfgang P. (Hrg): Nehrungskurisch, Sprachhistorische und instrumentalphonetische Studien zu einem aussterbenden Dialekt, Stuttgart 1989
• Schmid, Wolfgang P.: Das Nehrungskurische, ein sprachhistorischer Überblick
• Tolksdorf, Ulrich "Fischerei und Fischerkultur in Ostpreußen", Heide/ Holstein 1991
• Žadeikiene, Daiva, Krajinskas, Albertas: Kurenkahnwimpel, Шаблон:ISBN

External links

• Pietsch-Bildkarte „Kurisches Haff“ Шаблон:In lang
• Der Kurenwimpel Шаблон:In lang
• Curonians in Memelland Шаблон:In lang
• Curonian placenames in Memelland Шаблон:In lang
• Studentu zinātniskās konferences "Aktuāli baltistikas jautājumi" tēzes Loreta Stonkutė. Kuršininkų tarmės lituanizmai. p.43, 44