Английская Википедия:Dzongkha numerals
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Numeral systems
Dzongkha, the national language of Bhutan, has two numeral systems, one vigesimal (base 20), and a modern decimal system. The vigesimal system remains in robust use. Ten is an auxiliary base: the -teens are formed with ten and the numerals 1–9. Ex. cu_ci
Vigesimal
| Hindu-Arabic numerals | Dzongkha numerals | Spelling | Romanisation |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཆཱི | chiː |
| 2 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཉྱཱི | ˈɲyiː |
| 3 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | སུམ | sum |
| 4 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཞི | ʑhi |
| 5 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ང | ˈŋga |
| 6 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཌཱུ | ɖʱuː |
| 7 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | དྱཱུན | dyûn |
| 8 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | གཻ | ɡeː |
| 9 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | གཱུ | ɡuː |
| 10 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུཐཱམ | cu-tʰãm* |
| 11 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུཅི | cu-ci |
| 12 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུཉི | cu-ɲi |
| 13 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུསུམ | cu-sum |
| 14 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུཞི | cu-ʑi |
| 15 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅེངཱ | ce-ŋa |
| 16 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུཌུ | cu-ɖu |
| 17 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅུཔྡྱ | cup-dỹ |
| 18 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅོཔྒེ | cop-ɡe |
| 19 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཅྱགུ | cy-ɡu |
| 20 | Шаблон:Bo-textonly | ཁེཆཱི | kʰe ciː |
*When it appears on its own, 'ten' is usually said Шаблон:IPA 'a full ten'. In combinations it is simply Шаблон:IPA.
Multiples of 20 are formed from Шаблон:IPA. Intermediate multiples of ten are formed with Шаблон:IPA 'half to':
| 30 | kʰe pɟʱe-da ˈɲiː | (a half to two score) |
| 40 | kʰe ˈɲiː | (two score) |
| 50 | kʰe pɟʱe-da sum | (a half to three score) |
| 100 | kʰe ˈŋa | (five score) |
| 200 | kʰe cutʰãm | (ten score) |
| 300 | kʰe ceŋa | (fifteen score) |
400 (20²) Шаблон:IPA is the next unit: Шаблон:IPA 400, Шаблон:IPA 800, etc. Higher powers are 8000 (20³) Шаблон:IPA ('a ɡreat score') and Шаблон:IPA 160,000 (20⁴).
Decimal
The decimal system is the same up to 19. Then decades, however, are formed as unit–ten, as in Chinese, and the hundreds similarly. 20 is reported to be Шаблон:IPA, the same as vigesimal numeral 400; this may be lexical interference for the expected Шаблон:IPA. (In any case, there is no ambiguity, because as 400 it is obligatorily Шаблон:IPA 'one 400'.) Several of the decades have an epenthetic Шаблон:IPA, perhaps by analogy with 18 and 19, where the Шаблон:IPA presumably reflects a historical Шаблон:IPA 'ten':
- Шаблон:IPA 30, Шаблон:IPA 40, Шаблон:IPA 50, Шаблон:IPA or Шаблон:IPA 100 (a 'full hundred' or 'one hundred'), Шаблон:IPA 200, Шаблон:IPA 300, Шаблон:IPA 400, etc.
References
- Mazaudon & Lacito, 2002, "Les principes de construction du nombre dans les langues tibeto-birmanes", in François, ed. La Pluralité, p. 6 ff
