Английская Википедия:E (theorem prover)
Шаблон:Use dmy dates E is a high-performance theorem prover for full first-order logic with equality.[1] It is based on the equational superposition calculus and uses a purely equational paradigm. It has been integrated into other theorem provers and it has been among the best-placed systems in several theorem proving competitions. E is developed by Stephan Schulz, originally in the Automated Reasoning Group at TU Munich, now at Baden-Württemberg Cooperative State University Stuttgart.
System
The system is based on the equational superposition calculus. In contrast to most other current provers, the implementation actually uses a purely equational paradigm, and simulates non-equational inferences via appropriate equality inferences. Significant innovations include shared term rewriting (where many possible equational simplifications are carried out in a single operation),[2] several efficient term indexing data structures for speeding up inferences, advanced inference literal selection strategies, and various uses of machine learning techniques to improve the search behaviour.[2][3][4] Since version 2.0, E supports many-sorted logic. [5]
E is implemented in C and portable to most UNIX variants and the Cygwin environment. It is available under the GNU GPL.[6]
Competitions
The prover has consistently performed well in the CADE ATP System Competition, winning the CNF/MIX category in 2000 and finishing among the top systems ever since.[7] In 2008 it came in second place.[8] In 2009 it won second place in the FOF (full first order logic) and UEQ (unit equational logic) categories and third place (after two versions of Vampire) in CNF (clausal logic).[9] It repeated the performance in FOF and CNF in 2010, and won a special award as "overall best" system.[10] In the 2011 CASC-23 E won the CNF division and achieved second places in UEQ and LTB.[11]
Applications
E has been integrated into several other theorem provers. It is, with Vampire, SPASS, CVC4, and Z3, at the core of Isabelle's Sledgehammer strategy.[12][13] E also is the reasoning engine in SInE[14] and LEO-II[15] and used as the clausification system for iProver.[16]
Applications of E include reasoning on large ontologies,[17] software verification,[18] and software certification.[19]
References
External links
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