Английская Википедия:Elbrus (computer)
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:More footnotes
The Elbrus (Шаблон:Lang-ru) is a line of Soviet and Russian computer systems developed by the Lebedev Institute of Precision Mechanics and Computer Engineering. These computers are used in the space program, nuclear weapons research, and defense systems, as well as for theoretical and researching purposes, such as an experimental Refal and CLU translators.
History
Historically, computers under the Elbrus brand comprised several different instruction set architectures (ISAs).
The first of them was the line of the large fourth-generation computers, developed by Vsevolod Burtsev. These were heavily influenced by the Burroughs large systems and similarly to them implemented tagged architecture and a variant of ALGOL-68 as system programming language.
After that Burtsev retired, and new Lebedev's chief developer, Boris Babayan, introduced the completely new system architecture. Differing completely from the architecture of both Elbrus 1 and Elbrus 2, it employed a very long instruction word (VLIW) approach.
In 1992, a spin-off company Moscow Center of SPARC Technologies (MCST) was created and continued development, using the "Elbrus" moniker as a brand for all computer systems developed by the company.
In the late 1990s, a series of SPARC-based central processing units (CPUs) were developed at MCST as a way to raise funds for in-house semiconductor intellectual property core development and to fill the niche of domestically-developed CPUs for the backdoor-wary military.
Models
Шаблон:Infobox information appliance Шаблон:Multiple image
- Elbrus 1 (1979) was the first in the line.
- A side development was an update of the 1965 BESM-6 as Elbrus-1K2.
- a 10-processor computer, with superscalar, out-of-order execution and reduced instruction set computer (RISC) processors.
- Elbrus 2 (1984)
- Re-implementation of the Elbrus 1 architecture with faster emitter-coupled logic (ECL) chips.
- Elbrus 3 (1990) was a 16-processor computer developed by the Babayan's team, and one of the first VLIW computers in the world.
- Elbrus 2000 (2001) was a microprocessor development of the Elbrus 3 architecture. Also known as Elbrus-S.
- Elbrus-3M1 (2005) is a two-processor computer based on Elbrus 2000 microprocessor working at 300Шаблон:NbspMHz.
- Elbrus МВ3S1/C (2009) is a ccNUMA four-processor computer based on Elbrus-S microprocessor working at 500Шаблон:NbspMHz.
- Elbrus-2S+ (2011) working at 500Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 16Шаблон:NbspGFlops.
- Elbrus-2SM (2014) working at 300Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 9.6Шаблон:NbspGFlops.
- Elbrus-4S (2014) working at 800Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 50Шаблон:NbspGFlops.[1]
- Elbrus-1S+ (2016) system on a chip (SoC) with graphics processing unit (GPU), working at 600–1000Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 24Шаблон:NbspGFlops.
- Elbrus-8S (2014–2015) working at 1300Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 250Шаблон:NbspGFlops.
- Elbrus-8SV (2018) working at 1500Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 576Шаблон:NbspGFlops.
- Elbrus-16S (2019) working at 2000Шаблон:NbspMHz, with capacity to calculate 1.5Шаблон:NbspTFlops.
SPARC
- Elbrus-90micro (1998–2010) is a computer line based on SPARC instruction set architecture (ISA) microprocessors: MCST R80, R150, R500, R500S and MCST-4R working at 80, 150, 500, and 1000Шаблон:NbspMHz. The Elbrus-90 is used to control the S-400 missile system.[2]
See also
References
External links
- Шаблон:Official website (Russian)
- MCST: Microprocessors and VLSI Шаблон:Webarchive (Russian)
- "Elbrus" processor info (Russian)
- "Elbrus-S" processor info (Russian)
- МВ3S1/C "Elbrus-S" based processor module (Russian)
- (I) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1" Шаблон:Webarchive
- (II) Power Point document "Elbrus-3M1" Шаблон:Webarchive
- Russian microprocessors: An overview (Spanish - Espacial.org)
- Video of booting Windows 2000 on Elbrus microprocessor
- The Elbrus-2: a Soviet-era high performance computer – project and hardware history discussion, including an interview with Boris Babayan, from the Computer History Museum
- Realworldtech - From Russia, With Skepticism
- EDN Network: The Russians Are Coming?
- X-bit labs: Elbrus E2K Speculations
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