Английская Википедия:Filipino alphabet
Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Distinguish Шаблон:One source
The modern Filipino alphabet (Шаблон:Lang-fil), otherwise known as the Filipino alphabet (Шаблон:Lang-fil), is the alphabet of the Filipino language, the official national language and one of the two official languages of the Philippines. The modern Filipino alphabet is made up of 28 letters, which includes the entire 26-letter set of the ISO basic Latin alphabet, the Spanish Ñ, and the Ng. The Ng digraph came from the Pilipino Abakada alphabet of the Fourth Republic. Today, the modern Filipino alphabet may also be used to write all autochthonous languages of the Philippines and Chavacano, a Spanish-derived creole.
In 2013, the Komisyon sa Wikang Filipino released the Ortograpiyang Pambansa ("National Orthography"), a new set of guidelines that resolved phonemic representation problems previously encountered when writing some Philippine languages and dialects.
Alphabet
| Upper case | A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | Ñ | Ng | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lower case | a | b | c | d | e | f | g | h | i | j | k | l | m | n | ñ | ng | o | p | q | r | s | t | u | v | w | x | y | z |
| IPA phones | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link, Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link, Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link, h | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | nj | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link, Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link | ks, z | Шаблон:IPA link | Шаблон:IPA link, Шаблон:IPA link |
The letters C/c, F/f, J/j, Ñ/ñ, Q/q, V/v, X/x, and Z/z are not used in most native Filipino words, but they are used in a few to some native and non-native Filipino words that are and that already have been long adopted, loaned, borrowed, used, inherited and/or incorporated, added or included from the other languages of and from the Philippines, including Chavacano and other languages that have or where occurs a wider set of occurring sounds and pronunciations compared to the more limited occurring sounds and pronunciations in the Tagalog language and some of the other major local and regional languages and lingua francas or common languages, and also from foreign languages in the Philippines and beyond, that have influenced or continues to influence the languages of and from the Philippines and how Filipinos speak and pronounce the Filipino language and the other languages, which are all already long part and already have been long part of the Filipino national and official language since 1987, most especially in the varieties, variants or dialects on the other places or areas of the Philippines outside of the predominantly and only Tagalog-speaking and the predominantly or only Tagalog-based or predominantly Tagalog only-based Filipino-speaking places or areas.
Letters
The 28 letters of the Alpabeto are called títik or létra, and each represents a spoken sound. These are classed either as patínig or bokáblo (vowels) and katínig or konsonánte (consonants).
The letters' names are pronounced and collated in the same way as English, except for Ñ Шаблон:IPA.
| Letter | Name | Phoneme | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| A | ey | Шаблон:IPA | Becomes Шаблон:IPAblink in unstressed syllables and Шаблон:IPAblink in stressed syllables. |
| B | bi | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| C | si | Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA | For words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language, Шаблон:IPAblink applies to Шаблон:Anglebracket, while Шаблон:IPAblink applies to Шаблон:Anglebracket. Formerly used for Tagalog words under Spanish orthography. |
| D | di | Шаблон:IPAslink | Is often allophonic with Шаблон:IPAblink in intervocalic positions. |
| E | i | Шаблон:IPA | Normally Шаблон:IPA, but can become Шаблон:IPAblink in emphatic speech. |
| F | ef | Шаблон:IPAslink | Often indistinguishable from Шаблон:IPAblink. Exclusively written for words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language. |
| G | dyi | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA | For words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language, Шаблон:IPAblink often applies to those from English, while Шаблон:IPAblink applies to those from Spanish. |
| H | eyts | Шаблон:IPAslink | Speakers from Luzon tend to pronounce the name of the letter as Шаблон:IPA. |
| I | ay | Шаблон:IPA | Becomes Шаблон:IPAblink in unstressed syllables and Шаблон:IPAblink in stressed syllables. |
| J | dyey | Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA | Normally rewritten as Шаблон:Anglebracket to represent Шаблон:IPAblink or as Шаблон:Anglebracket to represent Шаблон:IPAblink. For words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language, the former corresponds to English, while the latter to Spanish. |
| K | key | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPA | Not to be confused with Шаблон:IPAblink. Шаблон:IPAblink only applies to Шаблон:Anglebracket. |
| L | el | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| M | em | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| N | en | Шаблон:IPAslink, Шаблон:IPA | Шаблон:IPA only applies to Шаблон:Anglebracket. |
| Ñ | enye | Шаблон:IPA | Exclusively written for words of Spanish origin that have not been assimilated into the language. |
| Ng | en dyi | Шаблон:IPAslink | Comparative to Шаблон:Anglebracket in "sing," "running," etc. Not to be confused with the indirect case marker ng (originally ng̃ with a tilde over the g), which is Шаблон:IPA. |
| O | o | Шаблон:IPA | Normally Шаблон:IPA, but can become Шаблон:IPAblink in emphatic speech. |
| P | pi | Шаблон:IPAslink | Not to be confused with Шаблон:IPAblink. |
| Q | kyu | Шаблон:IPA | Exclusively written for words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language. Formerly used for Tagalog words under Spanish orthography. |
| R | ar | Шаблон:IPA | Normally Шаблон:IPAblink, but can become Шаблон:IPA in consonant clusters. |
| S | es | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| T | ti | Шаблон:IPAslink | Not to be confused with Шаблон:IPAblink. |
| U | yu | Шаблон:IPA | Becomes Шаблон:IPAblink in unstressed syllables and Шаблон:IPAblink in stressed syllables. |
| V | vi | Шаблон:IPAslink | Often indistinguishable from Шаблон:IPAblink. Exclusively written for words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language. |
| W | dobolyu | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| X | eks | Шаблон:IPA, Шаблон:IPA | Normally rewritten as Шаблон:Anglebracket. Exclusively written for words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language. |
| Y | way | Шаблон:IPAslink | |
| Z | zi | Шаблон:IPAslink | Often indistinguishable from Шаблон:IPAblink. Exclusively written for words of foreign origin that have not been assimilated into the language. Alternatively pronounced as Шаблон:IPA. |
Consonants
The Abakada developed in the early 20th century had fewer consonants. By the middle of the century, letters (baybayin) were added and later on reduced due to its ideology which is English that is approximately radical to English alphabet with the release of the Ortograpiyang Pambansa in 2014. It was a major change to add these letters and thus modernise the writing system and to preserve sounds that are found in native Philippine languages. The digraphs and manuscripts were chosen to be placed in other wordings for privileges and adaptations.
Examples of the added letters:
| Words | Language | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| chila | Ibaloy | tongue |
| chingching | Ibaloy | wall |
| alifuffug | Itawes | whirlwind |
| safot | Ibaloy | spiderweb |
| falendag | Tiruray | a flute that is covered with a leaf when played through the mouth |
| feyu | Kalinga | a pipe made from reeds |
| jambangán | Tausug | plants |
| masjid | Tausug, Mëranaw; ultimately from Arabic مسجد | mosque |
| julúp | Tausug | bad behavior |
| avid | Ivatan | beauty |
| vakul | Ivatan | a traditional, protective woman's headdress from Batanes woven from Phoenix hanceana[1] |
| kuvat | Ibaloy | war |
| tokwifi | Igorot | star |
| vulan | Ibanag | moon |
| kazzing | Itawes | goat |
| zigattu | Ibanag | east |
Vowels
Most languages in the Philippines share vowels /a/, /i/, and /u/. After centuries of Spanish colonisation and the standardisation of Filipino as the national lingua franca, the vowels /e/ and /o/ became more common.Шаблон:Citation needed
See also
References
External links
- Commission on the Filipino Language website Шаблон:Webarchive
- Commission on the Filipino Language wiki
