Английская Википедия:Georgina Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury

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Шаблон:Short description Шаблон:Redirect Шаблон:Use dmy dates Шаблон:Infobox noble Georgina Charlotte Gascoyne-Cecil, Marchioness of Salisbury, Шаблон:Postnom (Шаблон:Nee; 1827 – 20 November 1899) was the wife of British Prime Minister Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury. The eldest daughter of a judge, her lack of wealth and social connections earned the disapproval of the 2nd Marquess of Salisbury; despite this, Alderson married his son Robert in 1857.

Though the marriage was happy and grew to include eight children, Robert and Georgina's first years together were pinched financially. To supplement their income, Lady Georgina aided her husband as he contributed political articles to various newspapers. Their circumstances improved when Lord Robert became his father's heir in 1865, and in 1868 he inherited the Salisbury title. She hosted parties and receptions at Hatfield House and in London that aided his political career in the Conservative Party.

Family and early life

Few biographical details have been published about Georgina Charlotte Alderson.Шаблон:Sfn Born in 1827,Шаблон:Sfn she was the eldest daughter of Sir Edward Hall Alderson (d. 1857), a judge. In 1834, he was made a Baron of the Exchequer.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Her mother was Georgina Catherine Drewe (d. 1871), a daughter of the Reverend Edward Drewe of Broadhembury, Devonshire. The Aldersons had a large family.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Marriage

On 11 July 1857, Georgina Alderson married Lord Robert Cecil, a younger son of James Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquess of Salisbury. The period leading up to the wedding was contentious. Georgina did not come from an aristocratic or wealthy background.Шаблон:Sfn She was also nearly thirty-years old, two years older than his son, and Lord Salisbury feared her ability to produce an heir.Шаблон:Sfn He tried to dissuade the union,Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn and required them to remain separated for six months, hoping the match would end.Шаблон:Sfn This period did not lead to a dissolution of the relationship; instead, Lord Robert wrote to his father at the end of the break and said he was engaged to Georgina.Шаблон:Sfn The furious marquess considered disinheriting his son;Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn after the wedding he and Robert became estranged.Шаблон:Sfn

A love match,Шаблон:Sfn the marriage would prove to be happy.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn Historians have described Georgina as clever, witty, and gregarious.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn In his entry for her husband in the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Paul Smith describes Georgina as "a buoyant and forceful woman" who "share[d] his intellectual interests and encourage[d] and facilitate[d] his career".Шаблон:Sfn

Their family grew quickly, beginning with the birth of a daughter within a year of their marriage. Seven children followed – five sons and three daughters in total.Шаблон:Sfn For eight years, they lived under pinched circumstances in various places within London and Surrey.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn The young couple had little income during their first years together; Georgina only had £100 a year, and he had a further £400 from his mother. From 1856 onward, Lord Robert supplemented their annual income by contributing political articles to such publications as the Saturday Review and the Quarterly Review.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn During this period, in addition to raising their growing family, she acted as her husband's literary assistant.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn

Marchioness of Salisbury

The Cecils' lifestyle changed in 1865 upon the death of the Marquess of Salisbury's eldest son. Robert, now Viscount Cranborne, suddenly became the heir to his father's title and estates.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn A suitable allowance was provided for his large family.[1] In 1868 Robert inherited the title of Marquess of Salisbury upon the death of his father.Шаблон:Sfn They moved into the family seat of Hatfield House, Hertfordshire,Шаблон:Sfn which had twenty-thousand acres and 127 rooms. Georgina suddenly found herself overseeing the workings of the large estate, a considerable task since her husband devoted most of his attention to its farming; other estate matters, which included its general maintenance as well as the care of its poorer tenants, fell under Georgina's oversight.Шаблон:Sfn

Robert, now known as Lord Salisbury, had a reserved nature in public and disliked social occasions. His wife thus took a prominent role during parties and gatherings, regularly hosting national and international political figures in London and at Hatfield House. These activities aided her husband's political career. She also acted as his confidante and regularly advised him, based on their surviving correspondence.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn A member of the Conservative Party, he became Prime Minister in June 1885.Шаблон:SfnШаблон:Sfn He held the premiership until January 1886, then attained it again from July 1886–August 1892 and June 1895–July 1902.Шаблон:Sfn

Lady Salisbury was also active in political organisations. She was a leading member of the Primrose League, known for being the first British political group to give women a prominent role.Шаблон:Sfn At first she disliked the group, as she disapproved of its co-founder Lord Randolph Churchill and believed its medieval influences were silly and absurd;Шаблон:Sfn she also disapproved of the idea that women could be public in political life and give speeches. But she eventually joined the group after realising its Conservative connections would help her husband's career.Шаблон:Sfn

After falling ill in 1898, Lady Salisbury journeyed to their villa in Beaulieu-sur-Mer near Nice, France, hoping this would improve her health. She died at Hatfield House on 20 November 1899, surrounded by her husband and most of their children.Шаблон:Sfn After her death, The Daily Telegraph wrote: "Without exactly assuming the functions of a leader of society, Lady Salisbury was in all the later years of her life essentially grande dame, and discharged duties, social, political, and personal, which were of the highest moment and utility."[2] Lord Salisbury died on 22 August 1903,Шаблон:Sfn and was buried beside her at St Etheldreda's Church, Hatfield.Шаблон:Sfn[3] She was a member of the Royal Order of Victoria and Albert and the Order of the Crown of India.[1]

Issue

They had eight children:[1]

References

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Works cited Шаблон:Refbegin

Шаблон:Refend

Шаблон:Spouses of the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom Шаблон:Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Marquess of Salisbury Шаблон:Authority control

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  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 1,2 1,3 Шаблон:Cite news
  2. ↑ quoted in How 1902, p. 95
  3. ↑ Шаблон:Cite web
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